Frederick Douglass Paper Essay

For this year’s I.P., I picked Frederick Douglass to be my topic. The reason I picked him was because he was a great man and a well known abolitionist figure. He dedicated his life to opposing slavery. I have always admired Douglass since my first grade teacher told my class about him. Once I researched a little about him, mainly the time period of his life, I realized he was a perfect choice for my I.P. topic. He interested me and I could easily get plenty of information on him. I knew that all the information I needed was out there, I just needed to go out and find it. I went to my local library and checked out books on my topic. Remember, it’s about quality, not quantity, and that’s not an excuse for underachieving. I checked out three or four really effective books, a few that could be categorized as multigenre themselves. They contained both primary and secondary documents. Secondly, I researched him on the internet; and I don’t mean googling â€Å"Frederick Douglass.† I searched specific things like â€Å"Frederick Douglass as a slave† and â€Å"Frederick Douglass’ escape.† This allowed me to narrow the â€Å"millions† of results one always gets when using Google. I received plenty of good websites that I could use that summarized his whole life. I picked multigenre as my presentation category and its obvious why. Frederick Douglass’ life was a multigenre in a sense. He wrote letters and poems and narratives all about his life and slavery. He personified slavery and did all he could to abolish it. A multigenre would best represent Douglass and his life. In order to make my multigenre effective in â€Å"moving† the reader, I had to look at one of the examples Mrs. Jackson provided me with. Using that as a template, I wrote poems and short stories appropriate to the time period that related to the idea of the wrongness of slavery and Douglass. I found pictures that illustrated Douglass’ ideas, as well as drew a few of my own. I tried to picture myself as a slave that hated the way I was treated to add  that emotional feel to all my writings. My project definitely relates to the theme, important people in history, because Frederick Douglass was an important individual in history. He was one of the more famous abolitionists and publically expressed his views on slavery. His words and writings were more effective than some because he was once a slave and could back up his sayings. Without some of the things Douglass did, I don’t believe slavery would have ended when it did. America remembers him for his inspirational story, a slave who became free to help others become free. Annotated Bibliography â€Å"A FREEDOM WAR; Frederick Douglass and the Second American Revolution.(Opinion).† The Post-Standard [new york city] 22 Feb. 2012: 1. Print. [I used this as an inspiration for one of my poems in the multigenre] â€Å"Critical Points in Frederick Douglass’ Life; Confronted Lincoln on Issue of Slavery.† The Washington Times [Washington D.C.] 25 Feb. 2006: 2-3. Print. [I used this and made a replica of it and put it in the multigenre] Douglass, Frederick, and Philip Sheldon Foner. The life and writings of Frederick Douglass. New York: International Publishers, 1950. Print. [I used this primary source to realize what and how Frederick Douglass wrote] Douglass, Frederick, and Barbara Ritchie. Life and times of Frederick Douglass. New York: Crowell, 1966. Print. [This is both a primary and secondary source that shows how Douglass viewed his life and how another person, Barbara Ritchie, viewed his life and achievements] Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the life of Frederick Douglass an American slave. Charlottesville, Va.: University of Virginia Library, 1996. Print. [I read through parts of this as research to get a first hand view of his life. This is a primary source] PBS. â€Å"Frederick Douglass.† PBS: Public Broadcasting Service. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2012. . [I watched this documentary and used the information to back up my research and make my ideas of Douglass concrete] Root, Damon W.. â€Å"‘A glorious liberty document’: Frederick Douglass’ case for an anti-slavery Constitution.(Frederick Douglass and the Fourth of July)(Book review).† Reason 1 Oct. 2006: 24-26. Print. [The author of this book expressed his view on Douglass’ anti slavery acts and this really inspired me to write a personified story of slavery] â€Å"The Frederick Douglass Papers Edition: Home.† IUPUI : Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis. IU Schools of Liberal Arts, n.d. Web. 29 Oct. 2012. . [I used the timeline at this website to summarize Douglass’ life and give myself a simplified view of his life] â€Å"Welcome to the Frederick Douglass Foundation.† Welcome to the Frederick Douglass Foundation. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Oct. 2012. . [This foundation really provided me with a good biography of Douglass and compared him to other anti-slavery activists like Lincoln and MLK] Turley, David. Slavery. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers, 2000. Print. [This book gets into great detail of the what a slave would experience and what a slave owner would experience which really helped me with my multigenre] Douglass, Frederick. My escape from slavery. Charlottesville, Va.: University of Virginia Library, 1996. Print. [This story was basically a multigenre by Douglass that helped me write a few works on slavery in my multigenre].† Vernellia, Randall. â€Å"No Struggle No Progress.† autoredirect to main site. N.p., n.d. Web. 25 Oct. 2012. [This website had a poem that I used in my multigenre. It was a primary source]

Critical Analysis of Sherwood Anderson’s Sopohistication

In the story of â€Å"Sophistication† by Sherwood Anderson there is one character that sticks out as what one would consider a foil, and he is know in this short story as the College Instructor. He is described as dry and a gold digger going after the banker’s daughter. Helen does not really enjoy his company â€Å"she wanted to drive the instructor away† (Anderson 169). She loathed how her mother thought that no man from the town would be worthy of her, or the fortune that would come along with her marriage. Furthermore, she did understand why she could not go after love, but has to go after prestige for her family. He knew that the life of a college instructor could not make him a large amount of money, but he needed a way to fund his studies as a college professor. Also, he never sees himself falling in love with Helen, he even says â€Å"I should marry women with money†, ultimately he is only in it for the money (169). He sees this as an opportunity when he found Helen’s mother wanted her daughter to marry. He thought he has a great opportunity to marry into money. Nevertheless, he never accounted for the wants or feeling of Helen, her wants conflicted with convictions of the college instructor. It could be argued throughout the book that â€Å"He wanted to appear cosmopolitan† (171). Although, this sounded appealing to Helen’s mother, it does not appeal to Helen. She despised the thought of ever being with him, she considered herself a free spirit, not wanting to be held back or told what to do. Proving this, she runs out of her house yelling for George. In her heart she knows that they are the only ones who truly understood each other. Thus, the college instructor is effectively run out of her life after Helen and George go on their silent walk.

Impact of Strike in an Organization Essay

The impact of strike to an organization Article by Rajalakshmi Rahul on June 11, 2012 Discuss now (0) Go to comments An organizational strike not only destroys the power of labor at its source while still professing theoretical support for the right to strike, but also causes many other losses. Labor on the other hand in demanding freedom to use the organizational strike is seeking an instrument fundamental to its rising power. The right to strike restricted in any way is the right shorn of some of its power (International Confederation for Free Trade Unions, 1989). The economic losses of the employer cause by a strike are incapable of precise calculation. The loss of profits is only one item in the total losses that an employer may suffer. The employer’s business may be crippled because of the loss of the market connection beyond the period of strike; goodwill may be lost; and the idle machines may get spoilt. Additional expenditure may have to be incurred on protecting the plant and on strike breaking activities (Howell, 2005). Publicity and propaganda are yet other items adding to its costs. Besides the loss of mental peace, respect and status in the community cannot be calculated in terms of money. The adverse affects of a strike on the workers are the loss of wages, and fringe benefits contracting of debts, personal hardships and loss of employment. It is difficult to assess the wage and production losses on account of a strike. Any calculation of wage losses from pay roll gives only a partial picture. In addition the strike may leave the union weakened and divided to the satisfaction of the employer Thus, strikes involve both economic and non economic costs for the employer and if at the extreme of strike he has to concede the demands of the striker’s additional burdens are imposed. However certain other elements which mitigate the losses also form a part of the economic calculation of the cost of a strike. References †¢Howell C (2005), Trade Unions and the State, Princeton University Press, New Jersey. †¢International Confederation for Free Trade Unions (1989), Employment and structural change in Indian industries, Cengage Learning, USA.

Case study on Bank Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Case study on Bank Management - Essay Example 2. Profit margin: It is the ratio of net income to the operating revenue, and this ratio represents the financial efficiency of the bank. The corresponding value for First National Bank is 8.51% as compared to 6% for its peers. In other words, the First national Bank makes more profit per unit of operating revenue, thereby making this bank more efficient that its peers. Hence, the overall profitability of the bank can drastically improved by and wealth can be unlocked by increasing the loan ratio and hence valuing the bank based on present financial performance may lead to undervaluing the bank. To calculate the valuation of the First National Bank using the discounted free cash flow or the present value of future earning process, the extra piece of information required will be the rate of growth of dividend. However, the valuation of the bank can also be calculated by the price/earnings ratio. Since, as has been discussed above, the present earnings are sub optimal the bank should not be valued by multiplying the earning by the PE ratio.

Significance of Effective Writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Significance of Effective Writing - Essay Example He has huge responsibilities on his shoulders which he accomplishes tactfully and with outstanding organizational skills. Several duties such as organizing and arranging training sessions for the militia and selecting them for higher missions are part of the job of human resource management in the military. Hence effective writing plays a major role in building up an impression for the new and the old members of the community and also builds up a rapport with the clients who are invited not only to welcome the staff but also drill them for their future duties. Establishing personal relations with the media personnel also requires that written communication be as effective as possible. Some of the main components of effective writing are, that the opening paragraph which makes up for the introduction is very smooth and beguiling, the purpose of the content is clearly defined and the people addressed are accommodated according to their needs. The reason why effective writing becomes ve ry important for the above mentioned jobs and many more responsibilities is that it represents a marked difference between the professional and a non professional institution. It can be compared to record keeping whereby accountants maintain facts and figures to keep a track on the constant changes that occur on a daily basis. This is eminent to note because then it is the effective writing of the human resource management which forms the backbone of the community helping them to be recognized wherever they go. Several letters and transcripts need forwarding to higher authorities which cannot be done without proper evaluation and editing. These evaluations need to be apt and flawless. The perfection sought by the establishment is an indication that there are higher expectations from this position. What is written is mostly kept as a record which can be visited anytime in the future and questioned for its authenticity. Since military human resource management is the most important co mponent of the Army it works as a strategic facilitator for the leadership of the Army. Hence the language used needs to be persuasive and according to the moves made by the army to defend its mission. It is for this reason that the military HRMs are provided training in effecting writing courses so that they do not fall short of any skills needed to represent the army. It is the duty of all the members of the community to facilitate and strengthen the system. As mentioned above there are moments when the Army leadership requires instant memos to be sent to others. Considering the shortage of time due to high profiles it is the HRM which ensures that all of their needs are fulfilled. Effective writing is not as tough as it may. Nevertheless it is an art which can be learnt through practice because it needs a lot of perfection and no excuse for any delay. It is an unexpected and untimed task for which the human resource manager needs to be ready at all times. There is absolutely no w ay that one can do away with writing being a part of the huge network. Hence there should be no delays nor any mishaps occurring in the process. What exactly does it mean to be effective in writing? Effectiveness is a quality which works as a guiding light for the others who come across it. It is a

No topic needed Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

No topic needed - Speech or Presentation Example This is because the amount of time invested is less than the prize awarded. Unlike in the first case, the result after multiplying the probability with the prize and less the cost is a positive figure. (e) This time allocation is not equilibrium. This is for the reason that they both are equally talented but Shirley gets an added advantage by training longer than Laverne. They should have trained for equal time for the allocation to be equilibrium. (f) The allocation of 5 hours of training per week is not Nash equilibrium. This is because the payoff increases to 6 when the training time reduces to 4 and reduces 4 when the training time increases to 6. (e) The t-statistic is sort of a departure ratio of an approximated parameter from its speculative value as well as its usual error. It is normally used in theory testing, for instance in the t-test of Students, in bootstrapping, in addition to in the amplified Dickey–Fuller

UNDERSTANDING WORK & ORGANISATIONS,Is bureaucracy and scientific Essay

UNDERSTANDING WORK & ORGANISATIONS,Is bureaucracy and scientific management are old fashioned - Essay Example Since the Weberian bureaucratic model tends to incorporate higher forms of formalization and immense standardization of procedures, certain sectors can`t sustain without applying the central ideals proclaimed by the model (Farazmand 2009 p. 61). For instance, the institutions like the military, police or even hospitals still tend to apply weberian rules to the organization since the performance of these institutes would be direly affected in absence of these rote procedures. Therefore, the proposition that the classical model of bureaucracy presented by Max Weber has now gone extinct is a mere exaggeration since most of the ideals of the model are still being applied to orthodox government organizations and even in a few large organizations. However, since innovation and technology also tend to dictate the rules of management in the present century; most of the private organizations and the multinational firm have shifted away from the Weberian model of management where they tend to minimize the role of hierarchy and strict application of rules in favor of employee employment and generation of newer ideas by giving a richer experience at the workplace. However, even in the most advanced and progressive organizations, a few set of rule enacted by Weber`s model of bureaucracy are applied. Therefore, the classical model of bureaucracy, with a few moderations is still applied in a few orthodox organizations whereas the progressive organizations tend to minimize the effect of weberian rules and regulations (Clegg & Harris 2011 p.14). Bureaucracy, as a system of rules and procedures, doesn’t ideally suit the needs of the highly unpredictable and ever-changing market which then dictates the kind of management model an organization undertakes (Selden 1997 p. 19). The contemporary organizations feel that applying bureaucratic model would equate welcoming red-tapism and alienations amongst the personnel of

Rhetorical Analysis Essay Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Rhetorical Analysis Essay - Assignment Example Richard Cohen, in his article â€Å"The Dangers of Labeling Terrorism† brings out various perceptions about the role of US in Islam states conflicts. This paper shall present a rhetoric analysis of Cohen’s article. Global conflicts are seen to be closely tied to religion and balance of power politics. Based on the consistency of outcomes, the author argues that there is little logic in all US involvement in foreign conflicts. He sees no need for US to continue with a trend, which does not bring positive results. For instance, he cites all the countries like Syria, Iraq and Afghanistan as some of the countries that have not realized peace despite to US intervention. In fact, in such places, the US could have reasoned logically to let those countries managed their affairs without any interference. Cohen also feels that the fact that US’s intervention in Iraqi affairs to save besieged Yazidis is another move that was not logically well thought out. He may be seen to take this position with the understanding that no other state should meddle with other countries’ political affairs (Cohen 1). In addition, he feels that Barack Obama’s position in the Islamic conflicts is logical. He argues that Obama does not see a blank cover of generalized criminal acts perpetrated by Muslim faithful as Islamic Terrorism. He notes that Obama is right to observe that terrorism by some Islamic states, which does not reflect true Islam, should not be generalized to the entire Muslim world. Religious scholars all over the world may support this claim. That is because many scholars have noted that the original Islam has been corrupted. This corruption, in many cases, has led to the lack of tolerance. Besides that, the corrupted Islam has led the emergence of radical sects within Islam. Thus, the author rightly maintains that Obama’s position is logical, as it does not

David Leans film Lawrence of Arabia Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

David Leans film Lawrence of Arabia - Term Paper Example Particular emphasis is placed on Lawrence’s participation in attacks on Aqaba and Damascus, as well as his involvement in the Arab National Council. Within this overarching narrative, the film further explores Lawrence’s complex and oftentimes conflicted identity and perspectives. The film would go on to claim an Academy Award for Best Picture, as well as an extensive array of other awards.1 Even while the film gained great critical acclaim, one considers that the film undeniably is of first class aesthetic quality. Through a consideration of criticism, perspective, and my personal opinion, this essay examines David Lean’s film Lawrence of Arabia. The film opens with a truly epic credit sequence. While the film title and credits remain static the epic music and slow paced editing indicate to the viewer that the film is going to be expansive and truly Earth moving. Following this credit sequence, however, is a scene where T.E. Lawrence is riding on a motor scooter along a narrow road. The filmmakers implement a cinema-verite style means of articulation, as bumpy shots of Lawrence on the motorcycle are counter-posed against point of view shots from his perspective. Critics further argue that Lawrence’s lack a helmet intensifies his characterization as wild and potentially reckless.2 The scene itself serves to act as juxtaposition from the slow-paced credit sequence, but also seems to function as a metaphor on Lawrence’s life.... In the next scene Lawrence is featured writing on a map. It is here that, in a sense, the actual story begins. The film then explores the meeting that leads to Lawrence’s transfer to Arabia. While from a strictly narrative standpoint the information in this scene could be explained in a simple sentence, the scene holds the viewer’s interest through the strong and engaging acting and character dynamics. Indeed, this will become a one of the prominent structural elements that drive the narrative and viewer interest. This scene is followed by a shot of the Arab sunrise. This shot demands further consideration, as it is both expansive and exquisite. One considers that the film’s widescreen format functions as a means of allowing the capture of this transcendent image. In addition to fitting thematically into the film’s epic scope, it operates as a powerful interlude between the Western capital model of organization and what could be considered a more desolate, yet firmer connection to natural being evidenced in the Arabian desert. One considers the ancient Muslim tradition of praying towards the Sun, as well as endless mythology that figures the Sun as a central aspect of spiritual existence; in this sense the scene transcends the film’s narrative elements for a deeper sense of spiritual purpose. One considers that later in the film there are perspective shots of the Moon and surrounding stars. The effect seems to be a general linking of the film’s infrastructure to the timeless and transcendental qualities of the universe and nature. Still, in terms of the narrative this shot functions as a pivotal transition between the aforementioned Western culture and that of the Middle East. This clash of perspectives will become of the film’s central thorough-puts

World Civilization - Ideologies Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

World Civilization - Ideologies - Term Paper Example Neither the USA nor the USSR ever actually fought a war, but they did fight proxy wars, each one supplying arms and ammunition to the side that believed in their ideology. The war between North and South Vietnam is a case in point. Although both the USA and the USSR stayed out of the war, South Vietnam which was anti communist had the backing of the Americans and was supplied with the materials needed to fight the North Vietnamese who were communists. The USSR in its turn, backed the North Vietnamese and supplied them with war material. One would have thought that if Russia and America fought side by side during the second world war, there would be a friendly relationship between them. However, a closer look reveals that it was only the common enemy - Hitler, who brought these two nations together and their underlying differences took a backseat till the end of the war. Once the war was over, as Winston Churchill famously remarked, "From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriat ic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent." (Churchill, 1946) No one person can be held responsible for the cold war. The clash of ideologies - USSR’s Communism and Socialism versus America’s Democracy and Capitalism; and the fact that each thought that her own ideology was best, and felt threatened by the opposing ideology, is the real cause of the cold war. One could argue, that the cold war came about due to Russia’s aggression in Eastern Europe. On the other hand, if the US had only had the good sense to see that Russia was just trying to create a buffer zone between the east and the west, possibly to prevent further invasion from Germany; perhaps the world might have been spared the tensions and problems created by over four decades of the cold war. Each side viewed the ideology of the other with suspicion and fear, and was lulled into a false belief that it alone held the key that would ensure the happiness and prosperity of mankind. It seems that both the USA and the USSR tried to push their own interests, and in so doing created misunderstandings, that at times brought them to the brink of nuclear war. In the beginning, the cold war was limited to taking sides in wars that were fought by other nations, that subscribed to opposing ideologies; but the real danger was posed when both the USA and the USSR began to amass weapons of mass destruction. Although the cold war was spread over a period of over four decades, it went through periods of high tension followed by phases of relative calm. The Bay of Pigs crisis in Cuba in 1962, when the two superpowers came to the brink of war, had the effect of sobering the two nations, who decided to set up a hotline between them to be able to speak directly in times of crisis. Soon after this both the USA and the USSR agreed to a Nuclear test ban Treaty. According to some historians, this was the beginning of the end of the cold war. In 1972, the USSR and the USA led by Brezhnev and Nixon, announced a policy of peaceful coexistence, strengthening economic ties and signing agreements for increased trade. By the time Reagan became president, the Soviet Union had once again become the â€Å"empire of evil†, till in the second term of his presidency, Reagan was lauded as the architect of ending the cold war. Jack Matlock Jr, who was the US ambassador to Moscow under Reagan, says, Reagan "wanted to reduce the threat of war, to convince the Soviet leaders that cooperation could serve the Soviet peoples better than confrontation and to encourage openness and democracy in the Soviet Union." (Matlock, Reagan and Gorbachev: How the Cold War Ended) At the time the USSR too had got a leader whose ideas

The Historical Cost Convention Essay Example for Free

The Historical Cost Convention Essay The historical cost convention used in historical cost accounting, records transaction at the monetary value at the date of transaction (i.e. their historical cost). An asset or liability being measured using the historical cost basis is recognized initially at transaction cost. This convention is used as a basis to prepare financial statements. In the income statement, revenues and expenses are recorded at the monetary value shown on the invoice. Historical cost accounting (HCA) might be the most suitable convention for stewardship purposes but may not be the most suitable for decision usefulness. This view has been apparent in the UK, with attempts to introduce supplementary accounts based on the current purchasing power (CPP) convention and the current cost convention (CCA). Neither of these alternatives was adopted after their initial trial. The HCA depends on depreciation policy and inventory valuation therefore it is subjective. Such a characterization tends to assume, however, that all historical cost measures are transaction-based and involve little estimation, which is not the case. For example, adjustments made to the historical cost carrying value of trade receivables to make allowance for bad and doubtful debts involve a degree of estimation that is not dissimilar to that involved in estimating current values not derived from an active market. And the results are often of broadly similar reliability. There is a similar level of estimation involved in determining the cost of self-generated assets and by-products, and generally in all circumstances involving allocations of substantial amounts of indirect costs.

Transition stages of a group Essay Example for Free

Transition stages of a group Essay Recognizing that change will be occurring noticing our reaction to it initiates the transition process. Some people recognize the need change earlier than others. We may see the signs and notice the handwriting on the wall well ahead of others. Other of us may not recognize or react until the change is imminent. In either case, when change is apparent to sometimes obvious, we all form a reaction to the pending change. There are three options. It can embrace the change, accept it somewhat passively, or reject it. The first reactions will lead to the planning stage. However, if we reject or disagree with the change, we can become temporarily stalled. It might question the need for the change, become angry about it, feel highly stressed by the thought of it, or in some cases, experience feelings of depression like losing a job or getting a divorce can be so intimidating that short term counseling may be needed to help with acceptance of change and to facilitate the planning process. Before, we can continue the journey to the next adventure or change we will need to formulate a goal and action plan. If the change is about entering a new relationship, we often discuss with our partner the goals we have for the relationships, describe our expectations, or try to be clear in our own minds what it is we are looking for. If we are looking for a new relationship we may generate alternatives about how to meet new people. When anticipating a major move, we need to think about where we will live, what we need to take with us, and what need to be done before we can leave. The planning stage can help to minimize and diminish fears and concern about the unknown by identifying the concrete steps that will help us with the transition. Setting short term goals and envisioning the perfect scenario that could occur as a result of the change may help s to feel better about it. This is often the most difficult part of the transition process. It can be both stressful and sad to leave the familiar environments and routines or let go of cherished keepsakes, pets or a way of life especially when the experiences have positive. For many, the most difficult is to say goodbye to the people whom we have come to know, love respect, and depend on. There are things we do to reduce the effect of the separation. We may need to be sure that we have time to visit with each  of those special people and to set up ways to keep in touch. Setting a date for a reunion or a phone call in the near future may reduce feeling of finality. Creating photograph collages with special memories that may be given as parting gifts can help to keep memories in the forefront to reduce anxiety. Remembering that we are all only a phone call or e-mail away may even help to reduce the initial stress of leaving others behind. Whenever we start a new journey there are moments of anticipation or exhilaration. We may even experience and a adrenaline rush, where we can feel the physical effects of the body’s anticipating of the change. Whether we’ve moved to a new place, or we just start a new job, the initial entry, while stressful, can also be positive exciting. This stage is helpful in putting the past behind and embracing the excitement and newness of what is to come. Taking it all in, meeting new people, and looking at possibilities may seem exciting and sometimes even almost overwhelming. Sometimes this new period has been called the honeymoon period where the newness the change gives us a false sense of reality. True or false this period of initial excitement is an important bridge from the past to the future. This security and eager anticipation helps to energize us to cross over into our new situation. However wonderful the initial excitement, when the dust settles and reality sets in we can often feel a let down. We realize that we are in a new and different place. We are not sure of the culture, the expectations, or how we will fit in. during this stage we begin to fill in the blanks. We familiarize ourselves with the routines, the environment and people who potentially will enrich our lives if we allow it. As Spenser Johnson (1998) says in his book about dealing with change, â€Å"who moved my cheese†? during the search for new endings (or cheese) we must free ourselves of the fear, envision the goals and leaves the past behind. We may need to find mentor d or guides who can provide information and advice about the culture or context. We will need to explore untraveled paths and leave ourselves open to new experiences, although some days may be difficult especially at the onset or in the beginning of the change. Taking a one day at a time philosophy, we should allow ourselves to set a specific goals for the day, focus on one positive event that occurred that day, and let go of the past. â€Å"Movement in a new direction helps you find new cheese.† During this time we try to make the strange familiar by seeking out others who have  out similar interests, goals, or talent. We should seek out opportunities that pique out interests. When we reach this stage we are now living the change as a normal part of life. We feel as though we have become an accepted and valued member of the community or relationship. We can now focus on how we contribute to the environment and to make a difference in self actualization and elevate ourselves on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs scale. We may even realize that what we may have been holding onto about a former life was an exaggerated illusion and not the reality of that life at all. Finally we realize that while in this situation we should take advantage of what this new change offers as the next change is just around the corner, and it begins again!

Evolution of the Microprocessor

Evolution of the Microprocessor Introduction A microprocessor is that programmable IC that is used for executing instructions to the process of digital data or exercise digital control over the devices. It is primarily works as the central processing unit of computer system. The complexity of todays microprocessors make even modest description how microprocessors work beyond scope of the page. The worlds 1st microprocessor 4004, was co-developed by Buisson i.e. Japanese manufacturer of calculators, Intel U.S. manufacturer of semiconductors.After the development of a general-purpose LSI not only the desktop calculators but also the business machines are originally based on the decimal computer with the stored program methods a basic architecture 4004 was developed on August 1969; a plan for the 4004 system was finalized in Dec 1969; and the 1st microprocessor was successfully developed in Mar 1971. Microprocessors which becomes the technology to open up a new era, brought 2 outstand impacts, power of intelligence and power of computing. 1st microprocessors opened up the new era of programming through replacing with the software, the hardwired logic based on I of the former era of logic. At same that time, microprocessors allowed young engineers use power of computing for creative development of the personal computers and computer games which in turn led to the growth in software industry they paved the way to the development of the high-level performance of microprocessors. Also an engineer must be the armed with firm belief that on his mission is nothing but the development must be determined to the go of his own way, never following otherss track. 4004 performance was only 0.06MPS with 2238 transistors 750 KHz operating frequency. Microprocessors evolved 4 bit 64 bit microprocessor, introducing computer technologies such pipeline super-pipeline super scalar VLIW cache memory, and virtual memory system. Now is possible integrate 16 sets of the microprocessor with the 64GB of memory on board. In the 20th century, microprocessors are used for increase in the power of intelligence. In 21st century, microprocessors will evolve into the tool to bring forth wisdom for whole mankind . The Breakthrough In Microprocessors The switching units in computers that were used in the early 1940s were the mechanical relays. These were devices that opened and closed as they did the calculations. Come the 1950, and the vacuum tubes took over. The Atanasoff Berry Computer used in vacuum tubes as its switching units rather than relays. The switch from mechanical relay to vacuum tubes was an important technological advance as vacuum tubes could perform calculations considerably faster and more efficient than relay machines.This technological advance was short-lived because the tubes could not be made smaller than they were being made and had to be placed close to each other because they generated heat. Then came the transistor which was acknowledged as a revolutionary  development. In â€Å"Fire in the Valley†, describe the transistor as a device which was the result of a series of developments in applications of physics. Transistor has changed the computer from giant electronic brain to commodity like TV set. As a result of the technological breakthrough of transistors, the introduction of minicomputers of the 60s the personal computer revolution of the 70s was made it possible. However, researchers did not stop at the transistors. They wanted a device that  could perform more complex tasks—a device that could integrate a number of  transistors into a more complex circuit. Hence, the terminology, integrated circuits or ICs. Because physically they were tiny chips of silicon, they came to be also referred to as chips. Initially, the demand for ICs was typically the military and aerospace industries which were great users of computers and who were the only industries that could afford computers Later, an engineer at Intel, developed a sophisticated chip. This chip could extract data from its memory and interpret the data as an instruction. The term that evolved to describe such device was â€Å"microprocessor†. Therefore,â€Å"microprocessor† first came into use at Intel in 1972. A microprocessor was nothing more than an extension of the arithmetic and logic IC chips corporating more functions into one chip. Today, the term still refers to an LSI single-chip processor capable of carrying out many of the basic operations of a digital computer. Development Of Microprocessors Microprocessors essentially evolved from mechanical relays to IC what aspects of the computing industry led to the development of microprocessors. (1) Digital Computer Technology We know the computer industry learned to make large, complex digital computers capable of processing more data and also how to build and use smaller, less expensive computers. The digital computer technology is been growing steadily since the late 1940s. (2) Semiconductors It had also been growing steadily since the invention of the transistor in the late 1940s.In 1960s we saw the integrated circuit develop from just a few transistors to many complicated tasks, all of the same chip. (3) The Calculator Industry It appears as if this industry grew overnight during the 1970s from the simplest of four-function calculators to very complex programmable scientific and financial machines. Generation Of Microprocessor Microprocessors were categorized into five generation Their characteristics are described below: A. First-Generation The microprocessors that were introduced 1971 to 1972 were referred as the first generation systems. They processed their instructions serially fetched the instruction, decoded it, then executed it. When an instruction was completed, microprocessor updated the instruction pointer and fetched the next instruction, performing this sequential drill for each instruction in turn. B. Second Generation By the late 1970s , enough transistors were available on the IC to usher in the second generation of microprocessor sophistication: 16-bit arithmetic and pipelined instruction processing. Motorolas MC68000 microprocessor, introduced in 1979, is an example. Another example is Intels 8080. This generation is defined by the overlapped fetch, decode, and execute steps . As the first instruction is processed in the execution unit, the second instruction is decoded and the third instruction is fetched. The distinction between the first and second generation devices was primarily the use of newer semiconductor technology to fabricate the chips. This new technology resulted in a five-fold increase in instruction, execution, speed, and higher chip densities. C. Third Generation The third generation, introduced in 1978, was represented by Intels 8086 and the Zilog Z8000, which were 16-bit processors with minicomputer-like performance. The third generation came about as the IC transistor counts approached 250,000. Motorolas MC68020, for example, incorporated an on-chip cache for the first time and the depth of the pipeline increased to five or more stages. This generation of microprocessors was different from the previous ones in that all major workstation manufacturers began developing their own RISC-based microprocessor architectures . D. Fourth Generation As the workstation companies converted from commercial microprocessors to in-house designs, microprocessors entered their fourth generation with designs surpassing a million transistors. Leading-edge microprocessors such as Intels 80960CA and Motorolas 88100 could issue and retire more than one instruction per clock cycle E. Fifth Generation Microprocessors in their fifth generation, employed decoupled super scalar processing, and their design soon surpassed 10 million transistors. In this generation, PCs are a low-margin, high-volume-business dominated by a single microprocessor V. Micro From Vacuum Tube To Todays Dual-Core Multithreaded Madness Before The Flood In The 1960s Just on the scant in the few years after the first laboratory ICs .Fairchild introduce their first commercial use integrated circuit Already start of decade, process that would last until present day commercial ICs. There is a no doubt but the technology design process were rapidly evolved. Observing the trend Fairchild director of R D Gordon observed that density of elements in the ICs doubling annually predicted that thread would continue next 10 years. With certain amend, this is came to be known Moores Law. The first ICs contained just few transistors per wafe by the dawn of the 70s for 1000 of the transistors per wafer. Its the only matter of the time before the someone would use this capacity to put entire computer on a chip several someones, indeed. Development Explosion: The 1970s The idea of the computer on single chip described in the literature earlier. Finally process had caught up to thinking the computer on the chip was made it possible. The air was an electric with the possibility . Once feat establish rest of the decade saw the prolife of the companies old new getting into semiconductor business as first pc, first arcade games even the first home video game sys are also spreading consumers contacts with the electronics paving way for continued rapid growth in b/w 80s. At beginning of the 70s microprocessors yet not introduced. By end of the decade saturated market led to price wars processors were already introduced16-bit. First Three Three groups claim for the first to put the computer on a chip. The Central Air Data Computer the Intel the Texas Instruments TMS 1000. Where Are They Now ? CADC spent about 20 years in the top secret cold war of the era until finally being classified in the 1998. Thus even it was first that remained under peoples radar even today didnt have chance to influence other until the early microprocessor design. Intel 4004 have the short the mostly history to supersed by the 8008 other early Intel chips. Chip was not finally marketed in standalone form in 1974 for the low price of US $2 per piece. In the year of 1978 a special version of the TITMS 1000 is being brains of educational Speak Spell toy which E.T. jerry rigged to the phone home. Early Intel- 4004 8008 8080 Intel released their 1st single 4-bit all purpose chip the Intel 4004 in Nov 1971. Its clock speed of 108KHz 2,300 transistors with ports for ROM RAM I/O. Originally it was designed for use in the calculator Intel had to negotiate its contract to become able to market its product stand alone processor. Intel 8008 was introduced in the month of April 1972 didnt make much splash being more or less 8-bit 4004. Its primary claim was form the basis for 8080 later 8086 architecture. Intel put back with the 8080 which was used the same instruction set earlier by the 8008 and is generally considered to be first usable microprocessor. Where is Intel stand now? Last time when we checked Intel was on the still around. RCA- 1802 In 1974 RCA released the 1802 of the 8-bit processor with an different architecture than the other 8-bit processors. It consist of a register file of 16 registers that is of 16 bits each using the SEP instruction you can select any of the registers be the program counter. Interesting variation was the two or more than two subroutines a ring so that they were to the be called as the roundrobin order. The RCA 1802 was considered one of the first risc chips. Where Is Now ? RCA chip was the biggest market failure due to slow clock cycle speed. But it can be the fabricated to the radiation resistant so used on Voyage Viking Galileospace probes. IBM 801 In 1975 IBM produced some earliest efforts to build microprocessor based on RISC design. IBM 801 was named after address of where the chip designed but suspect that IBM systems already numbered 601 701. Where Is 801 Now Gone? 801 chip family never saw main use was primarily used in other IBM hardwares. The Evolution Of RISC RISC Relegate the Important Stuff to the Compiler known as load store architectures. In the 1970 research at IBM produced result that the some of the operations are actually slower than the number of smaller operations doing same thing. A famous eg. was the VAXsINDEX instruction which ran slower than loop implementing same code. Moto 6800 Motorola introduced 6800 chip in the 1978 with the 78 instructions probably the first microprocessor with index register. When comes to program flexibility maintenance they are the wasteful when it was comes using scarce computer memory. Where Is 6800 Now Gone? Motorola is the only stand alone processors microcontrollers trace their lineage to mbdew 6800 including popular powerful 6809 of 1979. Where Is Industry Of Microprocessors Going? Almost immediately after their introduction, the microprocessors became the heart of the personal computer. Since then, the improvements have come at an amazing pace. The 4004 ran at 108 kHz thats kilohertz, not megahertz and processed only 4 bits of data at a time. Todays microprocessors and the computers that run on them are thousands of times faster. Effectively, theyve come pretty close to fulfilling Moores Law which states that the number of transistors on a chip will double every 18 month Performance has increased nearly same rate Conclusion The microprocessor are their around for more than 20 years already. It is now comes in many forms sizes levels of sophistication powering all the kinds of applications that they rely on control of computer.althouh the cpu of computer system it needs to interact with some other semiconductor device in order to perform functions. And devices include memory input/output devices constitute rest of the computer system.Thus we know from where microprocessor evolutes till where goes. References Websites: www.google.com www.bharatstudent.com www.electronics4u.com www.wikipedia.com Books: U.S Shah , â€Å"Microprocessor and its applications Ramesh Goankar, â€Å"Microprocessor Architecture , Design and applications of 8085† B.Ram, â€Å"8085 Microprocessor†

Pornography: Dangerous and Destructive Essay -- Pornography Essays

â€Å"The word pornography comes from the Greek meaning, whore, harlot, prostitute, and to buy or sell a woman† (Oprah,2009). The word alone is degrading to women, how bad could the actual acts be? There are so many forms pornography comes in: magazines, posters, music, videos, and the most popular, the internet. This all makes it way too easy to access. Some of the serious effects include violent and degrading acts towards women, the difference between a real sex life and the ones on TV, and the sexual problems that pornography contributes to for many, many couples. â€Å"There are more adult bookstores than MacDonald’s in the U.S. Pornography is an 8 billion dollar-a year business and have annual box sales of $50 million† (Oprah, 2009). Lust aside, porn is dangerous and destructive for many reasons. First of all, it gives an unrealistic view of the female body. The women in these videos are stick thin, air-brushed from head to toe, make up covering any sort of blemish, and of course large fake breasts. And on top of all these additions they alter and photoshop the videos to look even more perfect! â€Å"How can a man look at these false images of "sexual perfection" and not begin to think less of his wife? How can he not be affected by these images? And when he thinks "my wife would look better with larger breasts" or "I wish my wife would shave her pubic hair like that" is he not coveting other woman who do look that way?†(The Marriage Bed, Inc, 2009). Men are comparing their wives to these unrealistic female figures and wanting them to change. How is this fair to any woman? People who watch pornography get an immediate response and of course the outcome, a positive reinforcement. â€Å"It is impossible for men to watch porn and not b... ...ey. Women are treated like a piece of meat when it comes to pornography. The only benefit to pornography lasts a few seconds, and again, that’s for the men. It’s going to be interesting to see what happens to pornography in the next few years. It will either continue to increase or someone will realize that this material isn’t okay. Men should think about this before watching it. They should ask themselves if it is worth putting their marriages at stake, or if it’s okay that their children are as easily accessed to these videos as they are, or that their daughters may one day be victimized because of all this. What happened to passionate sex with the one you love†¦ and respect? Pornography is nothing but a vicious circle. Pornography creates the exact opposite in real life of what it promises in fantasy life. Ironic isn’t it?

History of Fireworks :: Design and Technology

History of Fireworks The birthplace of fireworks is generally recognized as China. It is said that a Chinese cook accidently mixed three common kitchen ingredients (black powder): Potassium nitrate or salt petre, sulphur and charcoal and lighted it. The result was colourful flames. The cook also noticed that if the mixture was burned when enclosed in the hollow of a bamboo shoot, there was a tremendous explosion. The first application of this technology was for entertainment. Slowly the theory took roots that this loud sound was perfect to chase away evil spirits and to celebrate weddings, victories in battles, eclipses of moon and religious ceremonies. Once the recipe for black powder was perfected, they found that it was easily used as rocket fuel, and they made hand carved wooden rockets in the shape of a dgoran, in the sixth century. These rockets shot rocket powered arrows from their mouth, and were used against the Mongol invaders of 1279. The principle behind these rockets is still used in rocket powered fireworks today. From China the fireworks moved on to the West, through adventurous explorers. Legend has it that Marco Polo brought this new accidental invention to the West from one of his many trips to China and other eastern countries. Thus the knowledge of making fireworks spread west, through Arabia in the seventh century. The Arabs called the rockets Chinese arrows. The earliest recorded use of gunpowder in England, and probably the western world, is by the Franciscan monk Roger Bacon. He was born in Ilminster in Somerset in 1214 and lived, as a master of languages, maths, optics and alchemy to 1294. He recorded his experiments with a mixture which was very inadequate by todays standards but was recognisable as gunpowder. His formula was very low in saltpetre because there was no natural source available, but it contained the other two essential ingredients: charcoal and sulphur. In 1242 he wrote: "...if you light it you will get thunder and lightening if you know the trick", Fireworks as such probably arrived in the 14th century, brought back from the East by Crusaders, and they rapidly became a form of international entertainment. The first recorded fireworks in England were at the wedding of Henry VII in 1486. They became very popular during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. Shakespeare mentions them and they were so much enjoyed by the Queen herself that she created a "Fire Master of England". James II was so pleased with his coronation display that he knighted his firemaster. King Charles V as well had a great liking for fireworks. He had many 'fireworkers' in his staff. History of Fireworks :: Design and Technology History of Fireworks The birthplace of fireworks is generally recognized as China. It is said that a Chinese cook accidently mixed three common kitchen ingredients (black powder): Potassium nitrate or salt petre, sulphur and charcoal and lighted it. The result was colourful flames. The cook also noticed that if the mixture was burned when enclosed in the hollow of a bamboo shoot, there was a tremendous explosion. The first application of this technology was for entertainment. Slowly the theory took roots that this loud sound was perfect to chase away evil spirits and to celebrate weddings, victories in battles, eclipses of moon and religious ceremonies. Once the recipe for black powder was perfected, they found that it was easily used as rocket fuel, and they made hand carved wooden rockets in the shape of a dgoran, in the sixth century. These rockets shot rocket powered arrows from their mouth, and were used against the Mongol invaders of 1279. The principle behind these rockets is still used in rocket powered fireworks today. From China the fireworks moved on to the West, through adventurous explorers. Legend has it that Marco Polo brought this new accidental invention to the West from one of his many trips to China and other eastern countries. Thus the knowledge of making fireworks spread west, through Arabia in the seventh century. The Arabs called the rockets Chinese arrows. The earliest recorded use of gunpowder in England, and probably the western world, is by the Franciscan monk Roger Bacon. He was born in Ilminster in Somerset in 1214 and lived, as a master of languages, maths, optics and alchemy to 1294. He recorded his experiments with a mixture which was very inadequate by todays standards but was recognisable as gunpowder. His formula was very low in saltpetre because there was no natural source available, but it contained the other two essential ingredients: charcoal and sulphur. In 1242 he wrote: "...if you light it you will get thunder and lightening if you know the trick", Fireworks as such probably arrived in the 14th century, brought back from the East by Crusaders, and they rapidly became a form of international entertainment. The first recorded fireworks in England were at the wedding of Henry VII in 1486. They became very popular during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. Shakespeare mentions them and they were so much enjoyed by the Queen herself that she created a "Fire Master of England". James II was so pleased with his coronation display that he knighted his firemaster. King Charles V as well had a great liking for fireworks. He had many 'fireworkers' in his staff.

Themes in the Tempest Essays -- Tempest essays

Themes in the Tempest       The Tempest is generally considered to be Shakespeare's last sole-authored play. The play draws a number of oppositions, some of which it dramatises, and some of which it only implies. Prospero, a figure exhibiting many resemblances to the Elizabethan idea of the 'Mage', (of whom the best known is probably Dr. John Dee), is opposed to both his corrupt brother, usurper of his role as Duke of Milan, and to Sycorax, an evil witch and mother of the 'deformed slave' Caliban. Sycorax does not enter the action of the play, having died before it opens, but enough is made of her evil disposition and behaviour to show Prospero as a model of human virtue in comparison. This despite Prospero's own use of magic to accomplish his will, and his bullying of the spirit Ariel and his threats to and punishments of Caliban. Prospero's role is central to the play, he is in control of the action throughout, through the exercise of his 'Art'. A further contast is drawn between Miranda, Prospero's daug hter, and caliban. Bothe were brought up together by Prospero since his arrival on Caliban's Island, but Caliban has not responded suitably to Prospero's civilising education. Miranda, however, in line with the tenor of Shakespeare's late plays in particular, is a model of chastity and virtue. Caliban's 'ingratitude' would seem to result from what we would call his genetic inheritance. Miranda calls him    Abhorred slave Which any print of goodness will not take (1:2:353-354) [FN1]    And Prospero    A devil, a born devil, on whose nature Nurture can never stick; on whom my pains, Humanely taken, all, all lost, quite lost. (4:1:188-190)    The opposition of nature and nurture is made... ...ntual relinquishing of power which entitles him to regain it. In my opinion, Shakespeare is associating true authority with renunciation, not with the exercise of tyrannical power.    NOTES 1. All citations and references are to Frank Kermode's Arden Edition, to the excellent introduction of which I am indebted throughout. 2. In the Masque, the anti-masque is a comedic prelude in which the villainous characters (of lower-class origin) plot against virtue and established power-relations. In the Masque proper divine beings (frequently played by courtiers) would step in and defeat the evil plot, whereupon the cast would leave the stage and dance with the audience. 3. Paul Brown, 'This Thing of Darkness I Acknowledge Mine' (in) Political Shakespeare, (eds) J. Dollimore & A. Sinfield, Manchester University Press, Manchester, (1996), pp. 48-71.   

Impact on Learning of Lateralization of Brain Essay

Brain asymmetry refers to the unequal involvement of both hemispheres of the brain in different mental functions. In their general anatomy, the two hemispheres are very similar but there are a number of finer features that distinguish them from each other (Annett, 1985 ). The link between these structural differences and functional differences remains poorly understood. The asymmetry of brain function has been demonstrated both by studying the effects of brain damage on accidental faculties cognitive, but also more recently through the techniques of brain imaging showing asymmetric activations following mental operations, performed which is recorded as evidence of brain activity (Vallortigara & Bisazza, 1999). Despite significant progress on this issue, there are still many points of discussion. The link between these asymmetries and hemispheric dominance is still under scientific investigation, and the mechanisms neuro-developmental factors that lead to these asymmetries are under s tudy. This paper evaluates the impact of brain lateralization on human learning. There are significant ways in which the left hand side of the brain is different from the right hand side. The left temporal cortex neurons have developed the capacity to discriminate and identify sounds and syllables of words emitted by the human voice (Beaton, 2004). While the right temporal cortex neurons are sensitive to musical characteristics of the voice. The hemispheres, right and left, have differentiated to process information in its entirety. Other integrative functions are assigned to each different hemisphere. The left hemisphere is more involved in understanding spoken language but also in logical reasoning and in the motor control of the right side of the body (Capacchione, 2001). While the right hemisphere is more involved in music perception, emotional perception, and visual-spatial control, creativity lies in the motor control of the left side of the body. However, the development of these functions is dependent on many trainings and activities of each person (Morris, Left Brain, Right Brain, Whole Brain?, 2005). Although dedicated to certain functions by programming dependent on genetic information, the brain areas may change depending on their capacity and plasticity of living. The brain is an organ unique to each of us. Left Brain −It is said to be analytic, logical, mathematical, sequential −It works preferably from the detail −It is the seat of language preferred, but not exclusively The study of aphasia (language impairment associated with localized brain damage) showed that a lesion localized does not always match the same pathologies. Thus, about a quarter of a configuration have left hemispheric opposed to the language. Note too that lateralization is not yet established in children, the brain is still malleable until about age 9 to 11 years, some say until adolescence, which would be consistent with the process of myelination (Pinel & Dehaene, 2010). Other exceptions may also be mentioned: the illiterate (in fact, learning to write left to reinforce the dominance for language), the bilingual and multilingual (right cerebral hemisphere of right-handers can play a role in acquiring a second language, especially when learning takes place in adulthood). Finally, there is variability in symptomatology depending on the structure of language speaker’s brains (all languages are not treated the same way) (Capacchione, 2001). Right Brain −It is called analog, empirical and intuitive. −It works rather on the whole, the trial and error, and the deduction. −It is the seat of prime image processing and nonverbal communication −The analytical intelligence It is exact in nature and is fully expressed in detail, in abstraction, and in indexing. This is the basis of science, which allows identifying that 1 +1 = 2. In theory, it cannot be faulted, and can reach all levels of complexity by adding. It is tempting to liken it to mathematics, but it is also the basis of language. Its biggest flaw is that it does not support gaps in processing. The impact of brain lateralization on human learning is, thus, highly significant. Neurological and psychomotor development is a biological process to monitor a child. At the heart of this development, brain lateralization is a concern for most parents. When the child tends to acquire a right-sided dominance, parents are relieved (Coon & Mitterer, Psychology: A Journey, 2010). Otherwise, they are more or less worried about the normal development of their child and its adaptability in a world organized for the convenience of the right-handed individuals. The lateralization process is effective at the age of six or seven years. However, you can tell if your child will be left handed or right from as early as 3 years. Before three years, it is almost impossible to tell if ones child is left or right handed, as the child uses both his hands to seize or to imitate the gestures and movements of adults. However, its laterality begins to define itself through three years. Seeing you eat, it will spontaneously take a spoon and try to imitate the parents guiding hand (Coon & Mitterer, Introduction to Psychology: Gateways to Mind and Behavior, 2010). When I saw you kick a ball, try to copy it using his head. If your child performs these simple gestures with both hands and both feet, it is likely to become ambidextrous. The parental concern for children is mostly left structuring of a society organized for right-handed majority. Indeed, the world we live in is specially organized for the convenience of the latter (Coon & Mitterer, Psychology: A Journey, 2010). Low life expectancy, vulnerability to accidents and household accidents, popular prejudices around the left handed mainly because they are forced to adapt to a world of right-handedness. The effort that they are required to live in the societal structure is larger than right-handers. Despite this, the latest statistics continue to show that even in the third millennium; â€Å"lefties† are not an endangered species. The right hemisphere is dominant in people with left-sided brains. In other words, motor development and neurological development is from this hemisphere of the brain. Wanting to force a child to become left-handed is a mistake (Neveu, 2008). This may alter the process of natural development of his/her brain. Stop worrying and help them to develop in the direction of its natural handedness. Make sure your child is accomplished with relative ease useful activities such as writing or using a spoon. If your child is still confined in an ambidextrous trend for five years, it is necessary to consult a psychotherapist. The best-known example of the functional asymmetry is the dominance of the left hemisphere in speech production, which can be around 95% of right-handers and 70% shown by the left-handed. Studies of split-brain patients have shown that only in no stimulation of the right hemisphere processed verbal-expressive utterances were allowed (Osman, Mà ¼ller, & Syre, 2005). Moreover, there is the left hemisphere in word recognition and math operations are dominant. A dominance of the right hemisphere can be detected in areas such as spatial perception and face recognition. Prerequisite for the processing of information is the information recording. All our sense organs can be used as a receiving member. The incoming information is analyzed by comparison with existing knowledge. The perception process could also be called â€Å"hypothesis testing†. Not only prior experience influences human attention, but also the state of the brain. It is now known that learning in the state of a medium level of activation (slight shift towards the negative pole) is more efficient. A large influence on the perception and attention has emotions that are located as mentioned in the limbic system (Roth, 2005). For ongoing learning information recording is required. Thus, learning can be described as a permanent testing of hypotheses. This existing knowledge with newly incoming information is confirmed (assimilation), but above all to improve, expand and change (accommodation). This paper has evaluated the impact of brain lateralization on human learning. The link between these asymmetries and hemispheric dominance is found to be quite strong. Difference between the left-hand and the right-hand side of the brain is found to have impact on mathematical abilities, spatial judgment, logical evaluation and aesthetical development. Scientific evidence on the functioning of left and right hemisphere of the human brain has confirmed the hypothesis that learning differences are found between the two sides of the brain. The right hemisphere is dominant in people with left-handedness, which confirms motor development and neurological thinking is from this hemisphere of the brain. It is also concluded that learning differences are permanent as well, since a right-handed person cannot be forced to become left-handed. These learning differences are also found to be a source of parental concern whether their child is left-handed or right handed. Further research is needed to evaluate the societal impacts on these learning differences between the two sides of the human brain. References Annett, M. (1985 ). Left, right, hand and brain: the right shift theory. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Beaton, A. (2004). Dyslexia, Reading, and the Brain. New York: Psychology Press. Capacchione, L. (2001). The Power of Your Other Hand. Ohio: The Career Press. Coon, D., & Mitterer, J. (2010). Introduction to Psychology: Gateways to Mind and Behavior. California: Wadsworth Learning. Coon, D., & Mitterer, J. (2010). Psychology: A Journey. New York: Engage Learning. Morris, R. (2005). Left Brain, Right Brain, Whole Brain? Retrieved July 25, 2012, from singsurf.org : www.singsurf.org/brain/rightbrain.php Neveu, P. (2008). The Production and Effects of Cytokines Depend on Brain Lateralization. NeuroImmune Biolog, 549-563. Osman, A., Mà ¼ller, K., & Syre, P. (2005). Paradoxical lateralization of brain potentials during imagined foot movements. Cognitive Brain Research, 24(3), 727-731. Pinel, P., & Dehaene, S. (2010). Beyond Hemispheric Dominance: Brain Regions Underlying the Joint Lateralization of Language and Arithmetic to the Left Hemisphere. Journal Of Cognitive Neuroscience, 22(1), 48-66. Roth, M. (2005). The Left Stuff: How the Left-Handed Have Survived and Thrived in a Right handed world. Ohio: Rowman Publishing. Vallortigara, G., & Bisazza, A. (1999). Possible evolutionary origins of cognitive brain lateralization. Brain Research Reviews, 30(2), 164-175.

How Similar Were the Achievements and Limitations of Nationalism in Southeast Asia Before 1941?

The period before 1941 can also be referred to as the pre-war period before the Japanese Occupation. The Southeast Asian nationalist movements then had similar achievements and limitations. Their achievements were scarce as the majority of the population was politically apathetic. To add to this, the nationalist groups often lacked mass support and military strength. The greatest achievement of these nationalist movements, though, would be that they managed to unify a diverse group of people who had little in common by providing them with a common cause – to overthrow the colonial government. The main achievement of pre-war nationalist movements was that they were able to bond the people of the country together using the concept of territorial nationalism. These nationalist movements started off with cultural aims so as to appeal to the masses. However, the difference between these movements lie in whether or not the nationalist leaders could go beyond these aims to band together the people of the country. In the case of Vietnam and Indonesia, the nationalist leaders managed to make use of these aims to develop a territorial identity whereas in Malaya, the nationalist groups were unable to put aside their racial differences and hence bonded only within their communities to establish ethnic nationalism. This can be seen from how in Indonesia, nationalism was initially focused on Java but later spread to include the rest of Indonesia. One major achievement of Indonesian nationalism is that of the Association of Political Organisations of the Indonesian People (PPPKI) established in the late 1920s. It created a set of common national idioms such as the red and white national flag and the national anthem ‘Indonesia Raya'. It also came up with the idea of Indonesia comprising of one people, one language, one homeland, which is indicative of the Indonesians' strong cry for independence[1] and even tried to cut across the party lines in their attempt to achieve it. Similarly, in Vietnam, there was an evident shift from cultural nationalism before 1920 to more territorial nationalism (not from religious to secular. Look back to your main point! ) after 1920. Previously, before 1920, Nationalism was confined very much to the Tonkin region, with the Dong Kinh Free School being set up in 1908 to promote cultural nationalism. Later, secular nationalist groups such as the Vietnam Quoc Dang Dang (VNQDD) and the Indochina Communist Party (ICP) emerged with a more political plan aimed at a more inclusive national identity, as seen from the choice of words in their names – â€Å"Vietnam† and â€Å"Indochina†. Following that, in 1941, the Vietminh was established as a more united nationalist organisation in reaction to Japanese involvement in Vietnam, and tried to mobilise nationalists beyond party lines, appealing to both communists and non-communists alike. This dominant organisation stood strong and later successfully led Vietnam to achieve independence. In Malaya however, nationalism ironically made the racial lines of Malaya more evident. The emergence of the Singapore Malay Union, the Malayan Communist Party (MCP) which comprised of mainly Chinese and the Central Indian Association of Malaya (CIAM)[2] further aggravated the pluralistic society in Malaya, thus making a united strive for independence impossible. With the exception of Malaya, the pre-war nationalist movements generally managed to bond the people of the country together. This would facilitate future movements to overthrow the colonial powers. A major limitation of the nationalist movements before 1941 was that they lacked mass support even though some groups managed to achieve a popular appeal. For example, in Vietnam, the Indochina Communist Party (ICP) lacked mass support but had some appeal due to its adaptationist leaders. It associated its aims with superstitions and anachronistic customs and disguised its communist stand to appeal to the Vietnamese, as communism lacked a direct appeal then. 3] This action of using folk religion to disguise its communist front was also adopted by the PKI in Indonesia, which rallied the people's support by calling for a holy war or a jihad, against the Dutch. It portrayed capitalism as promoting greed and distance from God, and imperialism as threatening the world of Islam so as to stir up feelings of anger amongst the Indonesians. [4] However, there are nationalist groups in Southeast Asia which severely lacked mass support such as the Young Malay Union (KMM) in Malaya, whose idea of a merger with Indonesia did not appeal to the Malayans. 5] Furthermore, in Indonesia, although the Indies Party tried to appeal to all races and beyond Java, it had limited appeal as it was predominantly an Eurasion organisation with only 7700 members. As such, whether or not nationalist groups were able to achieve a mass appeal depended on how well they modified their methods to appeal to the peasants. Hence, the nationalist movements before 1941 generally lacked the mass support they needed to succeed. Even if mass support was achieved, this does not guarantee success of the nationalist movements as the example of Sarekat Islam clearly demonstrates. Despite its mass following of 2 million, its lack of a united front seriously undermined its potential, and it was eventually torn apart by internal divisions between the Marxists and Islamic leaders. Another limitation of pre-war nationalism was that they often lacked military strength to launch a successful large-scale revolt and were hence vulnerable to the suppression of the colonial powers. This can be seen in the Vietnam Quoc Dang Dang (VNQDD)'s failure to overthrow the French colonial government during the Yen Bay Uprising of 1930. Their home-made weapons were inferior to the advanced ones of the French hence the uprising was quickly put down by the French. As a result of this episode, its founder, Thai Hoc and other leading figures were captured. This deprived the organisation of good leadership it needed to launch another large-scale nationalist movement thereby preventing them from regaining their political strength again. 6] Similarly, in Indonesia, although the Perserikatan Komunis di India (PKI) managed to gather support to form an army called the Red Guards of 3000, their military power was still uncomparable to that of the Dutch. They attempted to stage a revolution in 1926 but failed. After the revolt, the Dutch arrested 13,000 of them, imprisoned 4,500, interned 1,308 and exiled 823 to Digul, West New Guinea. This severely crippled the membership of the PKI and they were finally outlawed by the Dutch in 1927. [7] Hence, pre-war nationalism failed partially because of the militarily weak nationalist movements. In conclusion, the achievements and limitations of the SEA nationalist movements before 1941 were largely similar, with the lack of mass support and military strength being the key weaknesses. As nationalism during that period was quite under-developed, the main achievement of these movements in Vietnam and Indonesia would be that it managed to bond the people together towards a more inclusive territorial-based national identity that would serve as a stepping stone for further nationalist movements.

Health Campaigns to Use to Explain Models of Behaviour Change Essay

In this report it will investigate at least three recent health education campaigns and use them to explain two models of behaviour change. The three recent health education campaigns will be ‘Smoke Free’, ‘Change4Life’ and ‘FRANK’. The two models of behaviour change will be the theory of reasoned action and the stages of change model. For a health educator to carry out their role effectively, they should understand the complicated processes which may influence an individual to change their behaviour. This theory gives an outline that looks at the attitudes which strengthen behaviours. It suggests that the most significant cause of an individual’s behaviour is behaviour intent. Behaviour intent is the person’s intention to carry out a behaviour and this depends on their attitude and the subjective norm. The subjective norm is the influences of individuals in somebody’s social environment on their intention to perform the specific behaviour. If an individual believes that the outcome of taking on a behaviour will be positive, they will have a positive attitude towards the particular behaviour. If other individuals who are important to that person also believe that this behaviour change is positive, then a positive subjective norm is formed. By having a combination of both the individual believing the outcome of adopting the behaviour will be positive and other individuals believing that the behaviour change is positive, it will be much more likely that the person will follow the health advice. The stages of change model The stages of change model says that the process of behaviour change can be broken down into five stages. The five stages are pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action and maintenance. Pre-contemplation is when there is no intention to change behaviour in the near future. At this stage individuals are not aware at all or not aware enough of their problems. Contemplation is when individuals are aware that a problem is there and are seriously considering overcoming their problem but they have not yet made commitment to do something about it. At the stage of preparation individuals are intending to do something about it very soon, however have not done anything about it recently. At the stage of action individuals make changes to their behaviour, experiences or environment so that they can overcome their problems. This needs a lot of commitment of time and energy. Maintenance is the stage when individuals work to try and stop relapse and establish what they have gained during action. The model is often shown as a wheel and some individuals may have to go through the process many times to be successful in departing the cycle and attaining a steady and maintained changed behaviour. The following picture shows the wheel of the stages of behaviour change: Smoke Free The following hyperlink is to an online version of the Smoke Free health education campaign: http://smokefree. nhs. uk/advice-and-information/behind-the-campaign/ The Smoke Free health education campaign uses the theory of reasoned action model of behaviour change. The campaign aims to encourage individuals who smoke to quit smoking. If an individual who smokes views the Smoke Free campaign they may realise that if they quit smoking it will have a positive effect on their health and prevent causing serious harm. If they do believe that the outcome of following the health advice provided by the Smoke Free campaign will be positive, for example it will reduce their risk of developing illness, disability or death caused by cancer, heart or lung disease, it will reduce their risk of gangrene or amputation caused by circulatory problems, it will improve fertility levels and it will improve their breathing and fitness etc. They will therefore have a positive attitude towards the behaviour of stopping smoking. Other people who are important to the individual who is considering quitting smoking may also view the campaign and believe the outcome of the person stopping smoking will be positive, for example it will protect the health of those around the individual by not exposing them to second-hand smoke. By the person having a positive attitude and the positive subjective norm, the person will be much more likely to follow the health advice given by the Smoke Free campaign and quit smoking. The Smoke Free campaign also uses the stages of change model. When an individual is trying to quit smoking they will go through the stages of change cycle. At the stage of pre-contemplation the individual who smokes does not have intention to change their behaviour, they may not be aware or not aware enough of the damage that smoking can cause to their body and their smoking problem. At the stage of contemplation the individual may start becoming aware that they have a problem with their smoking and they are seriously considering stopping smoking but they have not yet made commitment to do something about trying to quit smoking. At the preparation stage they are intending to do something about trying to stop smoking very soon, but they have not done anything yet. At the action stage the individual makes changes to their behaviour, so that they can overcome their smoking problem, for example completely stopping smoking, gradually cutting down on smoking, using nicotine replacement therapies such as nicotine patches, nicotine gum, inhalators etc. At the maintenance stage the individual will work to try and stop starting smoking again and they look at what they have gained during the action of changing their behaviour by quitting smoking, such as their health improving. The individual may not be successful with stopping smoking on this occasion, they may relapse and start smoking again, so they might have to go through the process many times before they completely stop smoking. Change4Life The link below is to an online version of the Change4Life health education campaign: http://www. hs. uk/Change4Life/Pages/change-for-life. aspx An individual may follow the advice that the Change4Life health education campaign provides, if they are overweight. The campaign tries to encourage individuals to become more active, eat healthier, drink less alcohol etc. to prevent individuals from becoming seriously overweight, which can increase individuals chances of getting heart disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus and some cancers etc. The Chang e4Life health education campaign uses the theory of reasoned action model of behaviour change. If an individual who is may be overweight sees the Change4Life campaign they may realise the harm that being overweight can cause and they might realise that if they follow the advice of Change4Life it might have positive effects. If the person does believe that by following the advice given by the Change4Life campaign it will result in positive outcomes, for example their weight reduces, their fitness levels improve, the chances of them developing conditions like heart disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus and cancers decrease etc. they may have a positive attitude towards the behaviour of losing weight. Other individuals who are important to the person who is considering losing weight might also see the campaign and believe it will result in positive outcomes for the person trying to lose weight. By the individual who wants to lose weight having a positive attitude and the individuals who are important to them also being positive, the likelihood of the person following the health advice provided by the Change4Life campaign and losing weight will be higher. The Change4Life health education campaign also applies the stages of change model. When a person is trying to lose weight they may go through the stages of change cycle. To begin with the person may not have any intention to change their behaviour because they might not be aware at all or completely aware of the harm that being overweight can cause and their weight problem, which is the pre-contemplation stage. They might start becoming aware that they do have a weight problem and they are seriously considering losing weight, however they have not yet made commitment to do something about trying to lose weight, which is the contemplation stage. At the stage of preparation the person is intending to do something about losing weight, but they have not done anything recently. At the action stage the person makes changes to their behaviour, so that they can overcome their weight problem, such as increasing their exercise levels, changing their diet to make it healthier, reducing their alcohol intake etc. At the stage of maintenance the person will work to try and prevent themselves putting weight back on and they look back at what they have attained during the action of changing their behaviour by losing weight. Below is a hyperlink to an online version of the FRANK health education campaign: http://www. talktofrank. com/ FRANK supports individuals who have a drug addiction, to help them overcome their problems. The FRANK health education campaign uses the theory of reasoned action model of behaviour change. If someone who has a drug addiction views the FRANK health education campaign they might recognise that they have a problem and their addiction can cause serious harm to their body and they may also realise that if they follow the advice that FRANK gives, cause positive effects. If they believe that by following the advice provided by FRANK will cause positive effects, such as their health improving, may be improve their social life and mental health etc. they might have a positive attitude towards the behaviour of stopping taking drugs. Other people who are important to the individual who is thinking about stopping taking drugs may also view the campaign and believe it will have positive effects for the individual trying to stop taking drugs. By both the person who wants to stop taking drugs and the subjective norm having a positive attitude it may mean that the person will stop taking drugs. The FRANK health education campaign also definitely uses the stages of change model. When an individual tries to stop taking drugs they go through the stages of change cycle. To start with the individual might not be planning to change their behaviour, as they are not aware or not aware enough of the damage that taking drugs can do and that they have a drug problem. This is the pre-contemplation stage. They may then begin becoming aware that they do have a drug problem and they are considering stopping taking drugs, but they have not committed themselves to do something about stopping taking drugs yet. This is the contemplation stage. At the preparation stage the individual is planning to do something about stopping taking drugs, however they have not done anything yet. The individual may then make changes to their, to help them overcome their drug problem, for example starting to receive talking therapies when they can talk about their drug problem, motivational treatment approaches, cognitive behavioural therapy, group therapy, being prescribed a safer alternative/substitute to the problem or drug, such as methadone instead of heroin. This is the action stage. At the stage of maintenance the individual will work to try and stop themselves relapsing by taking drugs again and they also find what they have achieved throughout the action of not taking drugs. The person may have to go through the process several times before they are successful in fully recovering from their drug addiction. Not everyone has the same ability to change their health behaviours. This is due to social and economic factors. The social and economic context can influence the ability of health education campaigns to change behaviour in relation to health.

Factors Affecting Lexical Access Time Essay

Words are known as the building blocks of language, as they help us to understand both written and spoken language. Word recognition and lexical access are known to be bottom up processes, meaning that we can identify what something is by learning its parameters and building our ideas upwards. Lexical accessing is the act of accessing our mental lexicon and obtaining all information about a word, such as its meaning, sound and appearance (Harley, 2010). Lexical processing consists of 3 main components, identifying, naming, and understanding. Identifying a word consists of simply deciding if the letter string is or is not a word. Understanding a word is the ability to access a words meaning. Naming a word consists of accessing the sound of a word (Harley, 2010). Psycholinguists are very interested in investigating word processing, thus the lexical decision task was introduced. This task consists of timing how long a participant takes to identify whether a word is familiar or not when they are presented with a string of letters that may be a real word, an impossible non-words or a possible. Whereas real words are words of English that follow phonotactic constraints and have meaning, possible non-words obey phonotactic constraints but lack meaning, and impossible non-words violate phonotactic constraints and lack meaning. During this lexical decision process, many factors will affect how long the participant will take to identify if the letter string is a word or not. To name a few, the frequency effect states that the more common or frequently used a word is, the easier it is to recognize as a word (Harley, 2010). Age of acquisition, is an effect that states that the earlier in life that a word is acquired, that the word will be easily recognized (Harley, 2010). Lastly, word concreteness and imagery has an affect as abstract words evoke less imagery than concrete words, in turn, high imagery words have better memory recall (Howell, 2010). Method In the present experiment, the experimenter is simultaneously the participant. The participant was provided with two set lists of letter strings. Each list of letter strings consisted of 20 letter strings that were either words, non-words or arbitrary strings of letters, in which the participant was instructed to complete a lexical decision task based on these letter strings. First, the participant was instructed to read the first list of letter strings, and say aloud to themselves â€Å"yes† if they decided the letter string was a word, and â€Å"no† if they decided the letter string was not a word. The participant was instructed to time and record how long it took for them to complete the list. The first list of letter strings is the following: tlat, revery, voitle, chard, wefe, cratily, decoy, zner, raflot, oriole, voluble, boovle, mrock, awry, signet, trave, crock, cryptic, ewe, himpola. Next, the participant was instructed to perform the same task using the second set list of letter strings, also timing and recording how long it took to complete this list. The second list of words is the following: mulvow, clock, bank, tuglety, gare, relief, ruftily, history, pindle, develop, norve, busy, effort, garvola, match, sard, pleasant, coin, maisle. Results The participant completed the lexical decision task of list 1 in 28.3 seconds and completed list 2 in 23.7 seconds. The following table shows the decisions made by the participant for each word. List 1| List 2| tlat: norevery: novoitle: nochard: yeswefe: nocratily: nodecoy: yes| zner: noraflot: nooriole: yes voluble: yesboovle: nomrock: noawry: yes| signet: notrave: nocrock: no cryptic: yesewe: nohimpola: no| mulvow: noclock: yesbank: yestuglety: nogare: norelief: yesruftily: no| history: nopindle: nodevelop: yes gardot: nonorve: nobusy: yes effort: yes| garvola: nomatch: yessard: nopleasant: yescoin: yesmaisle: no| Discussion In evaluating the results of this experiment, many factors come into action that effect the participant’s lexical access. Firstly, it is key to note the differences between the two set lists of letter strings. List 1 consists of both words, possible non-words and impossible non-words, while list 2 only consists of words and possible non-words. Due to the fact that impossible non-words are easily recognizable as a string of letters that is not in the English language, list 1 automatically decreases its total decision time, as both â€Å"tlat† and â€Å"mrock† both violate phonotactic constraints of the English language. This is because it was noted that impossible non-words are rejected more quickly than possible non-words (Howell, 2012). Aside from these two impossible non-words, one can see both set lists of words contain all possible words of English, which then causes the participant to go beyond the identifying stage in lexical processing and advance to the n ext stage, understanding. In the understanding stage, the words meaning is attempted to be accessed to aid in determining whether the string of letters is or is not a word. The frequency effect comes into play in this stage, as frequent words have a much shorter reaction time in the lexical decision task because they are familiar. Therefore, words such as â€Å"decoy† and â€Å"cryptic† in list 1 and â€Å"clock†, â€Å"bank†, â€Å"relief†, â€Å"history†, â€Å"develop†, â€Å"effort†, â€Å"match†, â€Å"pleasant† and â€Å"coin† in list 2, which are frequent to the participant, are quickly decided as words. Due to the frequency effect ultimately because of the familiarity of the words, the meaning of these words does not need to be accessed. This is because high frequency words are accessed faster than low frequency words (Forster & Chambers, 1973). However, when possible non-words are at hand, the understanding stage is entered, to aid in this decision. When the participant does not immediately access a meaning for the letter string, the word deems to be given the status of â€Å"no†. Consequently, this causes a longer reaction time in determining whether a possible non-word is or is not a word. As one can see list 1 has many more possible words than list 2, which ultimately causes list 1 to take longer to complete in the decision task. The factor of age of acquisition is also seen as an effect in this experiment as when dealing with the real words, those that were acquired at a younger age such as â€Å"clock†, â€Å"coin†, and â€Å"bank† were also identified quicker than other real words such as â€Å"relief†, â€Å"pleasant† and â€Å"develop†. Along with this point, the separation between the words acquired at a younger age and those acquired later, is that the words acquired at a younger age are concrete words rather than the other words being abstract words. This is because abstract words evoke less imagery than concrete words do, and high imagery words actually have better memory recall, thus affecting the speed of lexical access (Howell, 2012). Conclusion In addressing the differences of performance between the two lists of word strings, it is clear that the participant took longer to decide if a possible word was a word or not due to the fact that it was necessary to advance to the next stage of lexical processing, understanding, to search their mental lexicon for a meaning. Highly frequent words as well as low frequent were easily recognized, as a meaning was instantly accessed, causing the participant to remain in the identification stage. While impossible words were also equally recognized and dismissed due to their obvious violation of the phonotactic constraints of English. After evaluating these factors that specifically affect the lexical access time, one can clearly see why the first word list would take the participant longer to complete due to it having more possible words than real words or impossible words. References Forster, K. & Chambers, S. (1973). Lexical access and naming time. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behaviour 12, 627-635 Harley, T.A. (2010). Talking the talk: Language, psychology, and science. Hove, England: Psychology Press. Howell, J. (oral communication, Lecture 5: Meaning. October 16th , 2012).

The Hobbit, Supreme Ordeal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Hobbit, Supreme Ordeal - Essay Example Tasha Martin, the author builds the character in a series of hero journey steps that ultimately points out to the common path of heroes in the narrative. Bilbo lives a lavish life, enjoying seven meals per day, in this narrative; he wins this honor through a series of the ordeal that persistently depict his ultimate courage, pride, and persistence. His ordeal begins when he refuses to go with the wizard on adventure despite the arrival of the thirteen dwarves. In this episode, the wizard had tried his best to plead with him to accompany him on an adventure, after this he noticed that his mentor convinced him to accompany him for the adventure after the dwarves had gone (Tolkien 35). Initially, he is convinced that respectable Hobbits like him should not go for adventure. Elrond remarks â€Å"Ah, I shant be missed,† and Bilbo reply â€Å"The truth is most of them don’t think I should be on this journey,† reveals how other characters detested his presence in the journey. However, the change of mind to pursue dwarves becomes one of the biggest ordeal in his journey to be a hero. Later on, he realized that he had erred in judgment and decided to pursue the dwarves. On this journey, he meets both allies and enemies. It became a journey that shaped his personal stature and rise to be a recognized hero. Arguably, his pursuit of the dwarves is the best moment that helps bring out his heroism. Evidently, the most important event was the trial with the three trolls, the giant spiders and Gollum. Although he had encountered a number of trials during his pursuit, this special trial almost broke his stature.

Cybersecurity Threats and the Future of the Internet Research Paper

Cybersecurity Threats and the Future of the Internet - Research Paper Example This would make the medium of Internet and technology more effective and less vulnerable. Key words: Cyber threats, virtualization, network infiltration, cloud computing, SaaS. Internet has come of age through its overall journey. The progress has been a fast paced one and has completely brought about revolution in the digital world. The future promises much more. Virtualizations, Web 2.0, customization, Nano technology are few of the concepts that the medium of Internet offer (Livingston, 2010, 13). Objectives: The paper looks into the various forms of threats faced by modern day digital world, this is followed by the overall assessment of the Internet journey, the present day outlook of technology and the future prospect and potential developments associated. This accompanied by the various kinds of threats faced and the potential damages that can be caused. The last part of the paper contains the possible counter means and measures available which can make the world of Internet a more secure and reliable one to operate in. Concept of Cyber Security: The term cyber security pertains to enacting actions that are necessary to be taken into account for safe and better services and operations in this medium. The field of cyber technology is a double edged sword. It enables achieving what would not be possible in the manual methods over work of months and weeks, at the same time despite being lighting fast in its outlook, if it goes wrong, it can cause havoc. These threats come in various forms ranging from internal threats and variants to the external forces that are operating outside. They form an industry all together with billions of dollars being spent in the field and most of their activities being destructive and harmful to the common users in different ways. Since the cyber technology scope is part of almost every discipline, therefore every field is at stake and risk from it. Ranging from the communication means to scientific research, governmental organi zations all are operated on digital interface and as a result proper care and consideration must be given to the security factor. Broadly a complete set of entities exist that work as threat to the normal operational existence of computers and digital technologies. They come in form of viruses, Trojan horses, malwares, Spam and various other sources that are destructive in their nature and cause damages at different levels. Countering them requires comprehensive strategy formation at different levels. Government agencies are a direct target in many instances and recent findings have shown that 2012 saw increased percentage of damages being inflicted upon government organizations as a result of comprehensive attacks launched against the networks of government structures. Department of homeland Security is equally warned and has aimed at assessing the rates and percentages and the particular areas where these vulnerabilities are present and have attacked the networks (Powner, 2005). T hrough their findings they have established that over the past year or so, the rate of increase has been alarmingly high and stands in the figure of over 600 percent increase. FBI director dealing with the vulnerabilities and overall nature and structure of technology presented a very alarming outlook of technology and stated that considering that amount of increase and overall tendencies of attacks on the governmental orga