Child Development in relation to Crime Essays

Child Development in relation to Crime Essays Child Development in relation to Crime Essay Child Development in relation to Crime Essay CD ( Conduct Disorder ) , ADD ( Attenttion Deficit Disorder ) and ADHD ( Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ) along with larning disablements, kids need place and school stablenesss. Besides rigorous modus operandi agendas and ocular charts will hold a important consequence on kid s behavior, which if non taken earnestly in history, their behavior may take to offense. Some of these instances appear to be familial nevertheless some could be the consequence of a head hurt or exposure to nicotine, take, intoxicant and cocaine during antenatal development. ( Bee, 2000 ) . During gestation female parents should be cognizant of their nutritionary consumption, physical activities and life style in general. Whilst taking attention of her wellness, she is besides protecting her unborn kid from environmental jeopardies that may be harmful during this gestation period ( Feldmen, 2000 ) . Sharing acerate leafs in drug use can increase the hazard of HIV, which subsequently may be transefered to the unborn kid. Drugs like cocaine and methamphetamine apart from being really powerful stimulations which work on the encephalon, they besides suppress the female parent s appetency, which will take to miss of nutriment which is much needed particularly during gestation. The hazards include abortion, premature labor and a babe born on drug dependence. So at this really initial phase of a kid s life, the female parent is already seting her babe through a batch of emphasis due to drug backdown symptons, agitating, insomnia, musculus twinging and imbibing jobs ( ACDE, 199 9 ) . Mothers who consume intoxicant during the 40 hebdomads of gestation may opportunity that their unborn kid will demo marks of foetal intoxicant syndrome ( FAS ) which affects between 0.5 and 3 of every 1000 babies in the United States, this means that between 2,000 and 12,000 kids with FAS are born every twelvemonth. ( Stratton et al 1996 ) . Abnormalities may be in the signifier of facial and head deformity, larning disablement, malfunction of cardinal nervous system and attending deficieny. ( About.com, 2010 ) . The household is one of the most of import factors in every human life, allow entirely for a kid that needs love, effectual subject and counsel in every circumstance. Till some old ages back many believed that difficult subject, paddling and whipping is the best manner to accomplish consequences when covering with kids s behavior. It was a really one manner dictorial relationship, what the parents or normally the male parent ( as he was the caput of the household ) says, goes. In today s universe where kids are more heard, where relationships are going two-way, theoreticians are looking at a biopsychosocial position. The parenting manners harmonizing to ( Maccoby A ; Martin 1983 ) who based their surveies on psychologist Baumrind D. research ( Baumrind 1967 ) have divided the parent attack into four manners: Authoritarian Parenting Child are to make what they are being asked of them. If regulations are non abide to, punished will avail. Children might be compliant but that does nt intend that they are content. Permissive Parenting Undemanding parents do nt anticipate really high accomplishments from their kids. Parents are more antiphonal and friendly towards their kids s behaviour. As demands are non extremely requested kids tend to be slower at school, might acquire into problem and are non that happy. Authoritative Parenting Very similar to the autocratic manner nevertheless these parents are more unfastened for treatment. They tend to prolong and non punish kids. Due to supportive parents kids do good, are independent and happy. Neglected Rearing Very small bond between parents and kid. The parent may or may non make full the kid s material basic demands nevertheless they are detached from the kid existent demands. These kids tend to hold a really low dignity, assurance and non capable as their equals. Every female parent and male parent tends to hold their ain typical manner. Normally kids detect rather early on in their childhood, who is more permissive to travel inquiring for their demands and remain off from the autocratic. Parents who are holding jobs with intoxicant, drugs or upsets might ensue to be the ignored type. These parents are already fighting with their troubles to be able to take the duties of their kid and carry through his basic demands of love and fondness. ( Bee, 2000 ) . However as Steven Pinker argued, the parents attack and attitude towards everything in life will find kids s behavior ( Pinker,2004 ) . Parents behavior and personality towards their kids alterations as new experiences set in. A kid needs his parents blessing, fondness, physical touch, support and attention. The kid needs to cognize that love and aid are a measure off. Taking involvement in a kid s mundane life is of utmost importance. ( Maccoby,1980 ) . Harmonizing to Pettit et Al ( 1997 ) kids who are brought up in low societal environment, but are sustained by warm respectful households, are more likely to remain off from bad company and unwanted influences. G. Pettit did a comparing with other kids who live in the same underprivileged country but with a lesser sum of love. ( Pettit, Bates A ; Dodge 1997a ) . A kid learns largely by copying a parent s illustration. Equally much as he can reproduce a positive theoretical account, he will besides larn to make the negative 1s. Spanking a kid even for the most mischievious behavior, possibly will be a short term solution. However in the long term this force will turn into aggresiveness and may take the kid ( or adoloscene ) into problem who at a ulterior age show higher degree of aggression and have less popularity with their equals, lower self-pride, more emotional instability, higher rates of depression and hurt, and higher degrees of deliquency and ulterior criminalism . ( Laub A ; Sampson 1995 ) , ( Rohner et al, 1991 ) ( Strassberg et al, 1994 ) ( Turner A ; Finkelhor 1996 ) . Lack of communicating between all household members leads to a life of incongruancy, where everyone lives his ain life, separate from the remainder. Shouting at each other to turn out a point and halt hearing to what is being said will hold a negative side consequence. When the relationship between a adult male and a adult female starts to demo clefts, the kid is the first to experience the tenseness in the air. Listening and being in the center of a battle, where verbal maltreatment, disgusting linguistic communication and possibly domestic force is the order of the twenty-four hours, will go forth an impact on any kid s head. Divorce leaves a negative impact on most kids, will convey out aggressiveness and hapless school concentration. Studies show that male childs tend to endure more than misss ( Hetherington,1989 ) , ( Kline et al, 1989 ) . Domestic force attacks the weak, creates fear, shatters safety and security. It brings anxiousness, panic, self blame, confusion, low self-pr ide, incubuss and loss of slumber to anyone who is victim to this maltreatment. More than half of the school-age kids in domestic force shelters show clinical degrees of anxiousness or posttraumatic emphasis upset ( Graham-Bermann, 1994 ) . These kids without appropriate intervention and attending will be in danger of force, go forthing school early and holding problem to interrelate with others. They will be attracted to do usage of illegal substances ( Volpe, 1996 ) . Another type of force that we witness on day-to-day footing in our places is through media. Harmonizing to the Maltese Jurisdiction under Article 208 of the Criminal Code, exposing a kid to pornographic or obscene images, being exposures, movies or electronic images to a kid who is non 9 old ages of age, will be penalised for a term between seven months to one twelvemonth with or without lone parturiency ( Interpol Malta, 2010 ) . Daily intelligence show the devastation of war, self-destructive onslaughts and all sort of offenses. Very few times, we listen to some light amusing intelligence. It seems that light amusing intelligence are no intelligence at all, and that people merely want to listen merely about the negative side of life. Does it do anyone better knowing that someplace in the universe, person is traveling through snake pit? Do we experience better cognizing that our life is more comfy and less helter-skelter? Most sketch programmes ( which should be aimed to entertain and educate our kids ) are full of contending, green-eyed monster, fire, guns, detonations and other force that should be abolished from this sort of programmes. Most tv series with the highest sum of audience, are based on offense white neckband offense, low category force, slayings, mobsters, Mafia, consecutive slayers, tribunal instances A ; prisons. It seems that people are attracted towards force. The fact that there are so many series on offense, is a affair of demand V supply. Another medium that induces force is internet. From erotica, suicide methods, pedophile stuff to terrorist manuals. Chat suites ( when 1 does non cognize the existent individuality of his chew the fating equal ) might turn out as a awful surprise. Most game console rubrics are violent and inflict aggression which may trip deviant behavior in existent life off from the game itself. Confusion between the practical and existent universe. Bandura warned that children and grownups get attitudes, emotional responses, and new manners of behavior through filmed and televised mold ( Bandura, 1977 ) . Another research worker George Gerbner has dedicated portion of his surveies on fright generated when watching force on telecasting. ( Baran, 2001 ) . In the Social Learning Theory of Albert Bandura ( Bandura, 1977 ) there are four constituents which are: attending acquisition by imitation ( copying person s behavior and action ) keeping After imitation, behavior will be stored in long term memory so it could be retrieved motor reproduction one time the behavior is learnt, it can be replicated through physical ability motive / support when one extra an action for a wages. On this theory we can reason that kids are led by illustration, as they absorb and imitate any behavior that attract their attending. They are non merely enticed due to wonder, but they need to retroflex and demo that they can make it every bit good, particularly if there is a wages as an accomplishment. Adults who were antecedently sexually abused, and now they are executing the same act, to a kid are victims themselves. The kid will go through from an emotional rollercoaster. He wants to be loyal, nice and stay the maltreater ( if the maltreater is a household member ) . The kid may experience shame if he is old plenty to cognize that certain things should non be done. The kid may happen it difficult to associate to a parent or gaurdian for the fright of non being believed. This will convey on anger, misgiving, foul feelings, deformed position of sex and a healthy loving relationship. And worst of all is the fact that the individual who is mistreating, ( most likely is a household member, relation acquitance or pedagogue ) is being trusted with a cherished kid. ( AACAP, 2008 ) . Children who are being abused might be in phases 1 and 3 of Kolbher s Moral Development Theory. In phase 1 Obedience and Punishment which lies under degree 1 Pre-conventional Morality a kid ( or grownup ) is expected to obey the regulations in order non to acquire punished . The bash as I say or discipline will take over method. In phase 3 Common interpersonal outlooks, relationships and interpersonal conformance which lies under degree 2 Conventional Morality an obedient kid ( or grownup ) is seeking to populate up to others outlooks, to be judged justly and be accepted in society ( Kohlberg, 1963 ) . In households where there is a fiscal constrain, possibly one or both parents are unemployed or with occupation instabilty, kids are more likely to be neglected. If the parents had already lived with a male parent who used to register for work, without success and populating on societal benefits, they will happen themselves accommodating good in this state of affairs. Possibly they were nt given adequate support to go to school and their educational background will assist really small to get a secure occupation. Neglecting the kid and expose him to a scenario where instruction is non at the top of the list is like giving him a one manner ticket to deliquency. Parents deficiency of motive, without any touchable planning, thoughts and dreams is like killing a kid s hope that there is a better life than the 1 he is in. When a kid is neglected and deprieved from attending and fondness, he will endeavor to happen the missing emotional fond regard elsewhere. This is may take him to happen unequal friends, and together may act in irregular ways. R. Kempe and Kempe ( 1978 ) reported that some abused kids were compliant and accepting of whatever happened to them, while others were aggressive, overactive and missing in trust and societal accomplishments . ( Faber A ; Egeland, 1987 ) . Child neglect-a really common type of child abuse-is a form of neglecting to supply for a kid s basic demands, whether it be equal nutrient, vesture, hygiene, or supervising . ( Saisan Smith A ; Segal, 2009 ) Another type of disregard is where there is chronic unwellness and /or mental upsets in the household. This sort of disregard may non come on intent but because of state of affairss that no 1 had the power to command. Mental unwellness or other hapless wellness jobs, may take parents to set the precedence of a kid s existance aside. It s really true that when illness struck, particularly to a female parent who used to beguile most household errands, things that were of import, lose their significance. On the other manus, when the male parent is ill, employment may be jeopardized or lost. This will go on to set emphasis on the whole state of affairs. Parents who suffer from anxiousness, depression, obsessional compulsive upset etc, may set an increased hazard of go throughing these anxiousnesss on their kids, which may go a barbarous rhythm. An inconsistent, unpredictable household environment besides contributes to psychiatric unwellness in kids. Mental unwellness of a parent can se t emphasis on the matrimony and impact the parenting abilities of the twosome, which in bend can harm the kid .A ( AACAP, 2008 ) An of import factor in a kid s upbringing is the environment and cultural milieus. It starts from place, and all the topographic points that form portion of any kid s life, like school, church and any other interaction groups such as spiritual and cultural ( Girl Guides / Boys Scounts ) . The societal facets of these topographic points help kids to incorporate and organize portion of society. It is healthy for their physical being ( running in the pace will assist them to wind off ) , psychological well being ( experiencing portion of a community ) and the societal facet as they will portion with friends. The kid must be exposed to the religious side of our being. When a household gathers together to portion a supplication before repasts, it unifies the sense of belonging. These little communities have a large impact on the kid s being. He might happen common involvement and motive in these groups, like trades doing, praying, pulling, treatments and excursions. He will besides disput e his bounds, to demo that he can do it. On the other manus when his purpose mark is higher than from what he can really accomplish, his self-efficacy will decrease ( Bandura,1997 ) . These facets all lead to a holistic instruction like sharing, sense of togetherness and esthesia. However, the kid may come from a household where outside societal interaction is non-existant. He may happen resistance and ill will behavior from the the parents towards these extracurricular activities and the kid will be discouraged to go to. He will non be exposed to different interactions, and is likely to be diffident, anti-social and introvert. In peculiar, the security of the kid s fond regard, and the quality of the kid s relationships with others outside of the household, seem to be strongly affected by the specific quality of interactions within the household . ( Bee, 2000 ) . In this decision, harmonizing to Steven Pinker, it would be truly stupid to presume that genetic sciences on their ain drama the chief and lone function in one kid s behavior. The effects of cistrons differ harmonizing to the environment they are exposed to. Some biological traits become more apparent in a peculiar environment. A kid with ADHD will go more prone to delinquency and to interrupt the jurisprudence, if he is populating in a vicinity where he is exposed to hooliganism, force, drugs and intoxicant ( Pinker, Autumn, 2004 ) . On the other manus, possibly the same kid would act otherwise if he has the chance for instruction, near knitted household and a better surrounding. Having a familial sensitivity for condemnable behavior does non find the actions of an single, but if they are exposed to the right environment, so their opportunities are greater for prosecuting in condemnable or anti-social behaviour . ( Jones, 2005 ) . Besides another of import factor that we should no n overlook is the socialisation facet that J. R. Harris has concluded. This facet shows the value of equals and peer force per unit area. Although households struggle to organize good their kids s public presentation, the kid himself chooses his friends and do an attempt to be acknowledged and experience of import as portion of the group. So holding the right household upbringing and good background are non plenty if the kid s friends are non the ideal clump who can take him to offense. ( Harris, 2004 ) References A ; Bibliography AACAP. ( 2008, May ) . Facts for Families Child Sexual Abuse. Retrieved 10 23, 2010, from American Academy of Child A ; Adolescent Psychiatry: hypertext transfer protocol: //aacap.org/page.ww? name=Child+Sexual+Abuse A ; section=Facts+for+Families AACAP. ( 2008, December ) . Facts for Families Child Of Parents With Mental Illness. Retrieved October 24, 2010, from American Academy of Child A ; Adoloscent Psychiatry: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.aacap.org/cs/root/facts_for_families/children_of_parents_with_mental_illness About.com. ( 2010 ) . Fetal Alcohol Syndrome. Retrieved 10 23, 2010, from About.com: hypertext transfer protocol: //alcoholism.about.com/od/fas/a/fas_conditions.htm Bandura A. ( 1997 ) . Self-efficacy. The exercising of control. New York. Freeman. In H. Bee, The Developing Child. Allyn A ; Bacon. Bandura, A. ( 1977 ) . Social Learning Theory. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliff. Baran, S. J. ( 2001 ) . In S. J. Baran, Introduction to mass communicating: media literacy and civilization ( p. 368 ) . Mayfield Pub. Baumrind D. ( ( 1967 ) ) . Child-care patterns predating three forms of preschool behaviour. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 75, 43-88. Retrieved October 24, 2010, from About.com ( psychological science ) : hypertext transfer protocol: //psychology.about.com/od/developmentalpsychology/a/parenting-style.htm Baumrind D. ( 1991 ) . The influence of rearing manner on adolescent competency and substance usage. Journal of Early Adolescence, 11 ( 1 ) , 56-95. Retrieved October 24, 2010, from Aboout.com ( psychological science ) : hypertext transfer protocol: //psychology.about.com/od/developmentalpsychology/a/parenting-style.htm Bee H. ( 2000 ) . The Developing Child 9th Edition pg 57. Allyn A ; Bacon. Bee H. ( 2000 ) . The Developing Child 9th Edition pg 487. Allyn A ; Bacon. Bee H. ( 2000 ) . The Developing Child 9th Edition pg 386. Allyn A ; Bacon. Caitlin M. Jones. ( 2005, February ) . Familial and Environmental Influences on Criminal Behavior Rochester Institute of Technology. Retrieved October 24, 2010, from www.personalityresearch.org: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.personalityresearch.org/papers/jones.html Faber A ; Egeland. ( 1987 ) . Invulnerablility among abused and ignored kids. Resilience in Children at Risk. In B. J. Elwyn James Anthony, The Invulnerable Child ( p. 254 ) . Guilford Press. Feldmen, R. ( 2000 ) . Necessities of Understanding Psychology ( 4th ed. ) . Retrieved October 25, 2010, from www.A1Informationblog.com: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.madalcapital.com/nature-versus-nurture Graham-Bermann. ( 1994 ) . IV. Possible Signs and Symptoms of Domestic Violence in Children and Adolescents. Retrieved 10 23, 2010, from American Academy of Experts in Traumatic Stress: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.aaets.org/article8.htm Hetherington E.M. ( 1989 ) . Coping with household passages: Winners, also-rans, and subsisters. Child Development 60. . In B. H, The Developing Child 9th Edition ( p. 18 ) . Allyn A ; Bacon. Judith Rich Harris The Nurture Assumption. ( Fall, 2004 ) . Daedalus -Daedalus Why Nature A ; Nurture Wo nt Travel Away by Steven Pinker. Vol. 133, No. 4, On Human Nature, Published by: The MIT Press on behalf of American Academy of Arts A ; Sciences, pp. 5-17 hypertext transfer protocol: //www.jstor.org.ejournals.um.edu.mt/stable/20027940. Kline et Al. ( 1989 ) . Children s accommodation in joint and exclusive physical detention households. Developmental psychological science 25. In B. H, The Developing Child 9th Edition ( p. 18 ) . Allyn A ; Bacon. Kohlberg L. ( 1976 ) . Moral Stages and Moralization. The Cognitive-develpmental attack. In T. Lickona ( ED ) Moral Development and Behaviour Theeory, research, and societal Issues ( pp 31-53 ) NY Holt. . In H. Bee, The Child Development 9th Edition ( p. 362 ) . Allyn A ; Bacon. Laub J.H. A ; Sampson R.J. ( 1995 ) . The long term consequence of punitory subject. In J. McCord ( Ed ) Coercion and penalty in long term position. In H. Bee, The Developing Child 9th Edition ( p. 383 ) . Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. Maccoby E. E. A ; Martin J. A. ( 1983 ) . . Socialization in the context of the household: Parent-child interaction. In P. H. Mussen A ; E. M. Hetherington, Handbook of child psychological science: Vol. 4. Socialization, personality, and societal development ( 4th ed. ) . New York. Retrieved October 24, 2010, from About.com ( psychological science ) : hypertext transfer protocol: //psychology.about.com/od/developmentalpsychology/a/parenting-style.htm Maccoby E.E. ( 1980 ) . Social development ; Psychological growing and the parent-child relationship. In H. Bee, The Developing Child ( p. 380 ) . New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. Maccoby E.E. ( 1992 ) . The function of parents in the socialisation of kids: An historical overview. Developmental Psychology, 28, 1006-1017. Retrieved October 24, 2010, from About.com ( psychological science ) : hypertext transfer protocol: //psychology.about.com/od/developmentalpsychology/a/parenting-style.htm Ormrod, J. E. ( 2004 ) . Human Learning Fouth Edition. New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc. Pettit G.S. Bates J.E. A ; Dodge K. A. ( 1997a ) . Supportive parenting, ecological context, and kids s accommodation ; A seven-year longitudinal survey. In H. Bee, The Developing Child ( p. 380 ) . Pinker, S. ( Autumn, 2004, ) . Daedalus Why Nature A ; Nurture Wo nt Travel Away. Pinker Vol. 133, No. 4, On Human Nature Published by: The MIT Press obo American Academy of Arts A ; Sciences, pp. 5-17 / hypertext transfer protocol: //www.jstor.org.ejournals.um.edu.mt/stable/20027940. Rohner R. P. et Al. ( 1991 ) . Effectss of bodily penalty, perceived caretaker heat and cultural beliefs on the psychological accommodations of kids in St. Kitts West Indies. Journal of Marrige and the household. In H. Bee, The Developing Child 9th Edition ( p. 383 ) . Saisan Smith A ; Segal. ( 2009, December ) . Child Abuse and Neglect Recognising and forestalling kid maltreatment. Retrieved 10 24, 2010, from helpguide.org: hypertext transfer protocol: //helpguide.org/mental/child_abuse_physical_emotional_sexual_neglect.htm Spelke E. ( 1991 ) . Physical Knowledge in babyhood Ref. on Piaget s theory pg 133-169 The Epigenesis of head. . In H. Bee, The Developing Child 9th Edition ( p. 5 ) . Hillsdale NJ Erlbaum. Strassberg Z. et Al. ( 1994 ) . Spanking in the place and kids s subsequent aggression towards kindergarten equals. Development and Psychopathology. In H. Bee, Te Developing Child 9th Edition ( p. 383 ) . Stratton et Al. ( 1996 ) . Fetal intoxicant Syndrome Diagnosis, epidemiology, bar A ; intervention. In H. Bee, The Developing Child ( p. 57 ) . Washington DC: National Academy Press. Turner H. A. A ; Finkelhor D. ( 1996 ) . Bodily penalty as a stressor among young person. Journal of Marriage and the Family. . In H. Bee, The Developing Child 9th Edition ( p. 383 ) . Volpe, J. S. ( 1996 ) . Effectss of Domestic Violence on Children and Adolescents: An Overview. Retrieved 10 23, 2010, from American Academy of Experts in Traumatic Stress: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.aaets.org/article8.htm

Switch Statement in Ruby

How to Use the Case/Switch Statement in Ruby In most computer languages, the case or conditional (also known as  switch) statement compares the value of a variable with that of several constants or literals and executes the first path with a matching case. In Ruby, its a bit more flexible (and powerful). Instead of a simple equality test being performed, the case equality operator is used, opening the door to many new uses. There are some differences from other languages though. In C, a switch statement is a kind of replacement for a series of if and goto statements. The cases are technically labels, and the switch statement will go to the matching label. This exhibits a behavior called fallthrough, as the execution doesnt stop when it reaches another label. This is usually avoided using a break statement, but fallthrough is sometimes intentional. The case statement in Ruby, on the other hand, can be seen as a shorthand for a series of if statements. There is no fallthrough, only the first matching case will be executed. The Basic Form of a Case Statement The basic form of a case statement is as follows. As you can see, this is structured something like an if/else if/else conditional statement. The name (which well call the value), in this case inputted from the keyboard, is compared to each of the cases from the when clauses (i.e.  cases), and the first when block with a matching case will be executed. If none of them match, the else block will be executed. Whats interesting here is how the value is compared to each of the cases. As mentioned above, in C, and other C-like languages, a simple value comparison is used. In Ruby, the case equality operator is used. Remember that the type of the left-hand side of a case equality operator is important, and the cases are always the left-hand side. So, for each when clause, Ruby will evaluate case value until it finds a match. If we were to input Bob, Ruby would first evaluate Alice Bob, which would be false since String# is defined as the comparison of the strings. Next, /[qrz]./i Bob would be executed, which is false since Bob doesnt begin with Q, R or Z. Since none of the cases matched, Ruby will then execute the else clause. How the Type Comes Into Play A common use of the case statement is to determine the type of value and do something different depending on its type. Though this breaks Rubys customary duck typing, its sometimes necessary to get things done. This works by using the Class# (technically, the Module#) operator, which tests if the right-hand side is_a? left-hand side. The syntax is simple and elegant: Another Possible Form If the value is omitted, the case statement works a bit differently: it works almost exactly like an if/else if/else statement. The advantages of using the case statement over an ​if statement, in this case, are merely cosmetic. A More Compact Syntax There are times when there are a large number of small when clauses. Such a case statement easily grows too large to fit on the screen. When this is the case (no pun intended), you can use the then keyword to put the body of the when clause on the same line. While this makes for some very dense code, as long as each when clause is very similar, it actually becomes more readable. When you should use single-line and multi-line when clauses are up to you, its a matter of style. However, mixing the two is not recommended - a case statement should follow a pattern to be as readable as possible. Case Assignment Like if statements, case statements evaluate to the last statement in the when clause. In other words, they can be used in assignments to provide a kind of table. However, dont forget that case statements are much more powerful than simple array or hash lookups. Such a table doesnt necessarily need to use literals in the when clauses. If there is no matching when clause and no else clause, then the case statement will evaluate to nil.

Bioethical Research on Stem Cells Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bioethical Research on Stem Cells - Essay Example Bioethics is a study that deals with all the ethical questions raised due to biological and medical researches and advancements and attempts to answer those questions and satisfy the masses. It also deals with the effect of these biological and medical advancements on the correlation of these fields with other social aspects of life like religion, politics and other social sciences. It talks about the responsibility of the government, the religious leaders, the sociologists and other social figures in regulating and taking notice of any controversial and/or disputed biological or medical issue prevailing in the society. It strives to provide proper arguments and debates to satisfy the concerned and to provide evidence for the importance of the said issue as well as to prove the relevance and unavoidability of the process to make sure that the end result and the eventual achievement is worth the sacrifice.1 Bioethics not only deals with issues related to humans, human rights and research on human issues but also emphasizes on the importance of animal rights and issues related to these non-human species. The examples of the issues related to animals are many, the prime issue being animal testing. This basically concerns the correlation of Bioethics with the animal rights foundations etc and emphasizes on the fact that animals are living beings that cannot be used just like a thing to be tested upon. The bioethical argument to that, however, would be that these tests on animals are conducted to make sure that the complex medicines, remedies and surgical procedures for solving critical health problems related to humans are working efficiently and cause no harm to human life.2 The issues that Bioethics deals with range very widely. It deals with the relationship and effects of biological, especially medical researches with the social issues prevailing in the society, however, these issues can range from being totally based on social grounds like the issue of suicide to being based on complex medicinal grounds like genetics and their effects and influences on the society and people living in it. Having said this, let's observe how vast the bioethical issues can be. Some of the common issues that Bioethics deals with would be: Suicide Infertility Genetic Modification and Gene therapy Cloning (Human and Animal) Abortion Euthanasia (Human as well as Animal) Animal Rights Human Testing Animal Testing Stem cell Research Parthenogenesis Genetic Engineering, etc Recently, the research on stem cells is being questioned on the bioethical grounds quite a lot. First, let's look at what stem cells are and what their function actually is. Stem cells are those cells that have the ability to renew or rejuvenate themselves through mitotic divisions and can transform into differentiated specialized cells of a large variety, however, the extent to which a stem cell can differentiate into a more specialized form varies greatly from one stem cell to another. These stem cells are found in almost all multicellular organisms (organisms having many cells and differentiated cell types for different bodily functions), however, when talking about

E-business in UAE Challenges and Opportunities Research Paper

E-business in UAE Challenges and Opportunities - Research Paper Example This score measures the availability of online services and products in the country’s e-market. In addition, the score of effectiveness measures the level of transaction process that can be completed through the internet. An effective system will enable consumers complete the whole transaction process through the internet. This paper will therefore access the UAE e-commerce through its growth, opportunities, barriers, and the effectiveness of UAE cyber laws. Although UAE’s e-commerce has experienced considerable growth, there have been barriers of effective trading and expansions. These barriers can broadly be categorized as technical, societal, legal & ethical, organizational, cultural or perceptual barriers (Bade 106). Each of these barriers has an effect on the UAE e-commerce. UAE is an Islamic country that has strong value for religion and societal laws. The fear of exposure to western culture is the main cause of restriction on internet usage among the UAE citizens . This has greatly affected the growth of e-commerce since it depends on the internet. Organizational barriers relate to the ability of employees to handle e-commerce through the internet. The UAE culture and value of Islamic religion, makes UAE employees to develop a negative attitude towards exposure to the internet. Internet abuse among employees is also a factor that has restricted growth of e-commerce in UAE. Technical barriers have also contributed enormously to the slow growth of e-commerce in UAE. Although major towns have excellent infrastructures such as high bandwidth and secure high-speed internet, other areas lack such infrastructures. This has halted expansion of e-commerce beyond major cities such as Dubai. Similarly, the UAE has no practical legal regulations that ensure web users the security of sensitive information. This has also contributed to the slow growth of e-commerce in UAE. Despite the availability of constraints and barriers that prevent effective trade, the UAE has many unutilized potentials that can be exploited through effective application of e-commerce. Application of e-business can greatly influence how traders and customers interact with each other through the online services (Reilly 78). The real estate sector can be a major business potential for an investor of e-business. Due to the growing number of investments, the real estate industry is growing constantly. However, there is lack of connection between property developers and buyers or tenants. The e-business can greatly improve the mode of doing business in the real estate sector. E-business will enable tenants or buyers to make payments or purchase products more easily. Other than the real estate sector, the travel industry has many unexploited opportunities that can be exploited through e-commerce. Automated payment systems and booking of tours and transportation is a significant opportunity for e-commerce. The tourism sector will become a major beneficiary of e-comme rce through automated travel packages and bookings. Due to the increasing popularity of Dubai as a tourist destination, the transport sector is a major opportunity for e-business in UAE. The favourable internal and external business environment in UAE has facilitated availability of e-business opportunities. Availability of supportive infrastructures is the main factor that has contributed to the

All quite on Western front-Enrich Maria Remarque Essay Example for Free

All quite on Western front-Enrich Maria Remarque Essay Remarque, being a veteran German of the World War 1, could depict the physical and psychological duress, the government soldiers had to tolerate. He narrates the mental tug of war the soldiers had to bear on being detached from civic life comprising of family and friends. This mental war was allying with the field fight. Remarque in his book does not articulate heroism, but he gives a vivid description of the mental agitation the soldier goes through . having once sailed in the same ship, Remarque could feel the monotony and constant fight for life. This story relates to the kind of trauma and loneliness, the foot soldiers went through. The war had snatched their peace of mind there by causing a situation of alert all the while around them. There was an air of struggle flowing throughout, struggle for piece, struggle for victory, struggle for food and struggle for existence. Remarque remarks, the life of soldiers are always at a jolt and yet they appear old and dead being thoroughly, emotionally drained. The soldiers are here merely escaping from their own self. At this jovial age, the world of love that they had once created is brutally shattered to pieces by their own hands. The author depicts a poignant description by narrating the awe and feeling of being abandoned makes the mental state of the foot soldiers all the more morose. The protagonist of the story, Paul Baumer who was moved by his mentor, joined the German army and entangled himself into an unsigned bond of serving the country at the price of leaving behind the personal life which had just started showing the colors of youth brimming with high spirits. He had also left behind his ailing mother. But now avenues of repentance are lost. Many others like Paul had been a false prey to the futile war. This amusing anecdote throws light on the life in the trenches of the German camp. The outcome of the war brought nothing but destruction, death and needless waste of mankind. The youth directly, though bravely, encountered brutality, soiled dead bodies and evident death which might be their awaiting future. The story highlights the psychological insight resulting out of the pathetic incidences in the trenches. Though being part of the war, the protagonist and his co-mates realized the futility of the war which had brought with it a needless waste of human life in form of mass death. The trenches had a miserable and pitiable sight. The priceless human life turned valueless. Even a stone heart would surely melt at such a terrible death game. The very sight traumatizes people, but the soldiers were facing them boldly. Though trained to be tough, the soldiers break down at the loss and sufferings of the fellow beings. The cooks of the army cooks for hundred soldiers but ends up in serving eighty of them. They often show their frustration by declaring not to serve unless all hundred are present. But they realize the fact that this figure would always be a diminishing trend and complains fatality to none other than fate. The author depicts the character of Tjadesa as a carefree, apathetic person grinning over the cook’s reaction. Though it seemed that there were no trace of repercussions on Tjadesa, but it was his unnatural behavior which depicted his concern and fear. He showed joyous expressions despite the losing his comates for ever, this were out of gratitude of still being alive. Though tjedas’s behavior seemed weird, but his discrete way of accepting the inevitable losses. The ideas ejaculating out of the soldiers mind were often weird, like they felt the war should have been fought by the leaders within a ring rather than such merciless slaughtering and cruel blood shed. The futility of war has given rise to restraint traits of human like selfishness, jealousy, envy, violence and being opportunist. Eventually the brutal results of the war some how dries up the sense of morality, dignity, empathy and many such emotions in the soldiers and life becomes like an unfertile land yielding nothing grow more unfertile for days to come. Similarly wars too yield nothing but destruction, emptiness and ruined humanity. The war may end in victory but the society is held back by the rudderless youth detached from social and moral life and lives with frustrations of shattered dreams. The rumbustious youth turns into old folk. The author relates the feelings of Paula’s, â€Å"Youth! We are none of us more than twenty years old. But young? Youth? That is long ago. We are old folk. † BIBLIOGRAPHY: Erich Maria Remarque, All Quiet on the Western Front. Wikipedia- All Quiet on the Western Front. www. docshare. com.

florida :: essays research papers

Lodging inside the Walt Disney World complex, Celebration City (owned by Disney) and Lake Buena Vista (which is a small resort community right next to Disney World) The Disney World complex and Lake Buena Vista are located along Interstate 4 (I-4) about 25 miles west of Orlando International Airport and about 20 miles southwest of downtown Orlando, Florida. Lodging near the Convention Center and Sea World This is the larger of two convention centers in Orlando. Both the convention center and Sea World are located along International Drive. Sea World is about halfway between downtown Orlando and Disney World, and about 12 miles west of Orlando International Airport. The Walt Disney Dolphin is a deluxe hotel, located between Disney MGM Studios and Epcot area. Inspired by world famous surroundings, this resort is unlike anything you've ever seen. A 5-story dolphin statue rests atop the building, colorful patterns of waves and banana leaves splash the facade, magnificent palms sway along the lakeside walkways- it's a view that only your imagination can top. At this Whimsical resort, guests will enjoy the magic inside, as you experience the entertainment architecture outside, where guests are surrounded by the magic of Walt Disney World. The hotel features 17 restaurants and lounges, for your ultimate dining pleasure. For the guests' entertainment there are 4 lighted tennis courts, 4 swimming pools, watercraft rentals, jogging trails, two health clubs, massage services, volleyball, 3 acre grotto pool and beach, supervised children's activities, saunas, whirlpools, 36 holes of miniature golf and aerobics. The multi-lingual staff is friendly and well trained, catering to your every need. florida :: essays research papers Lodging inside the Walt Disney World complex, Celebration City (owned by Disney) and Lake Buena Vista (which is a small resort community right next to Disney World) The Disney World complex and Lake Buena Vista are located along Interstate 4 (I-4) about 25 miles west of Orlando International Airport and about 20 miles southwest of downtown Orlando, Florida. Lodging near the Convention Center and Sea World This is the larger of two convention centers in Orlando. Both the convention center and Sea World are located along International Drive. Sea World is about halfway between downtown Orlando and Disney World, and about 12 miles west of Orlando International Airport. The Walt Disney Dolphin is a deluxe hotel, located between Disney MGM Studios and Epcot area. Inspired by world famous surroundings, this resort is unlike anything you've ever seen. A 5-story dolphin statue rests atop the building, colorful patterns of waves and banana leaves splash the facade, magnificent palms sway along the lakeside walkways- it's a view that only your imagination can top. At this Whimsical resort, guests will enjoy the magic inside, as you experience the entertainment architecture outside, where guests are surrounded by the magic of Walt Disney World. The hotel features 17 restaurants and lounges, for your ultimate dining pleasure. For the guests' entertainment there are 4 lighted tennis courts, 4 swimming pools, watercraft rentals, jogging trails, two health clubs, massage services, volleyball, 3 acre grotto pool and beach, supervised children's activities, saunas, whirlpools, 36 holes of miniature golf and aerobics. The multi-lingual staff is friendly and well trained, catering to your every need.

Data Types and Why We Care | Written Assignment |

Data Types and Why We Care| Written Assignment| | | | Kayla| 1/30/2013| | Kayla Coleman Wednesday, January 30, 2013 Principles of Testing and Measurements Data Types and Why We Care There are a million different types of data in the world. Some types we have learned through years of education and others have yet to be discovered. One question about data types that is asked frequently is â€Å"Why do we care? † Though there is no text book answer; I believe we care because without these various types of data we will not be able to answer even the simplest of questions.When I think of the definition a simple question I think of a question that can be answered in a few words. A simple question that I would like answered is â€Å"What Is Your Favorite Color? † I have picked this question because it is simple to answer and understand. My method of measurement for this question would be by ranking. For example blue would be ranked the highest because most students liked blue. I have picked basic rating because it is the best way to find the answer that I need without added confusing when it comes to understanding the results.There are many different levels of measurement. All levels have different ways numbers can be used. One level is the nominal level. At this level Numbers can be used for tags or labels like Barcodes and social security numbers. When using nominal variables measurement means is classified as classifying cases in groups. These groups â€Å"must cover all cases† and can not belong to several groups (â€Å"Levels of measurement,†). Ordinal Level is another level of measure. With this kind of measure Numbers are mostly used to order just like in popularity.You have the jerks, the cheerleaders and the Nerds but we all know what order there is. The groups for ordinal variables are ordered but the distance between two adjacent categories may vary. Interval or Ratio Level is the third level of measurement. With Interval or Rati o Levels numbers are used to express quantities like the amount of money you pay for shoes in this case numbers are not just all-inclusive, mutually exclusive or ordered (â€Å"Levels of measurement,†). There are a lot more ways of measuring then we acknowledge like central tendency.Central tendency tells us where the middle of a bunch of data lies. The most common measures of central tendency are the mean, median, and mode. The Mean is the sum of the numbers divided by the number of numbers in a set of data. The Median is the number in the middle or the mean of two numbers in the middle when arranged in ascending or descending order. The mode is the most frequent number in the set (Saccuzzo & Kaplan, 2010). Stand deviation and the Z score are two more types of measure that can be used.The Standard Deviation measures the spread out of numbers. A measure of the more spread apart the higher the deviation. Standard deviation can be calculated  as the root of variance, which is the average of from the Mean. The Z score explains if a score is equal to, below or above the mean of a group of scores. Basically, it compares scores. The normal Z score is between -2 and +2. Anything other than this are considered â€Å"less typical† of scores (Saccuzzo & Kaplan, 2010). Survey research is one way of measurement.Survey research is great when answering of respondents. It can be a paper-and-pencil form or a one-on-one in-depth interview. Scaling is another way of measurement; it deals with the construction of an instrument that relates to qualitative and quantitative metric units. The purpose of qualitative research is to gain more exposure to an area (Trochim, 2006). Qualitative research is good for obtaining very detailed information that allows you to examine the area of interest in great detail.However too much detail does make it difficult to determine what the generalized theme is. An indirect measure is an unobtrusive measure that allows researchers to collect data without doing a formal procedure (Trochim, 2006). I believe that a questionnaire would give me the most valid answers to this question. Overall, the large amount of data and measures of data is very overwhelming if you do not know what to look for especially if two methods measure the same thing.However that is a large amount of information out there that can help us clear up the confusing methods of measures this way we can have a valid more efficient research outcome. Reference Levels of measurement. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://weber. ucsd. edu/~aronatas/levmeas. html Saccuzzo, D. , & Kaplan, R. (2010). Psychological testing: Principles, applications, and issues. New York, NY: Trochim, W. (2006, October 20). Research methods – knowledge based. Retrieved from http://www. socialresearchmethods. net/kb/unobtrus. php

Rate of Violence Essay

Describe the rates of violence (murder, aggravated assault, rape, robbery) in the United States, and compare them to at least 2 other industrialized countries. When it comes to †Homicides/murder† and †Rape† there still is a difference when you compare Sweden and Albania. â€Å"Homicides/murder† happened most infrequent in Finland and England, but about six times as often in Sweden compared with that. â€Å"Theft totally† was about twice as frequent in Sweden, when you compare to the other Nordic countries, and also more frequently than in England. Narco-criminality in Norway is about three times as frequent, when you compare with the other Nordic countries. The long coastline play an important role. Here is no available registrations for USA. Robberies during the period were down 10. 7%, motor vehicle thefts and arson declined 9. 7%, rapes were down 6. 2%, aggravated assaults were down 3. 9%, and burglaries dropped 1. 4%. The FBI report does not give reasons for the drop in crime, but criminologists have recently indicated an aging population, along with ramped-up law enforcement, have contributed to the decline in recent years. The trend has surprised experts who have historically seen crime increase during difficult economic periods Discuss some of the difficulties of comparing crime rates across countries. Different definitions for specific crime types in different countries: The category in which any incident of victimization is recorded relies on the legal definition of crime in any country. Should that definition be different, and indeed this is often the case, comparisons will not in fact be made of exactly the same crime type. This is particularly the case in crimes that require some discretion from a police officer or relevant authority when they are identified. For example, the definitional difference between serious or common assault in different legal jurisdictions may be different, and this will be reflected in the total number of incidents recorded. Different levels of reporting and traditions of policing: Different societies across the globe have been shown to have different levels of reporting of criminal incidents. This relates closely to levels of development in any society, most clearly reflected in accessibility to the police. Thus factors such as the number of police stations or telephones in any society impact upon reporting levels. The level of insurance coverage in any community is also a key indicator of the likelihood of citizens approaching the police as their claim for compensation may require such notification. In addition, in societies where the police are or have been mistrusted by the population, most specifically during periods of authoritarian rule, reporting levels are likely to be lower than in cases where the police are regarded as important members of the community. Different social, economic and political contexts: Comparing crime data from societies that are fundamentally different may ignore key issues present in the society that impact upon levels of reporting. For example, different social norms in some societies may make it almost impossible for women to report cases of rape or sexual abuse, while in others, women are encouraged to come forward.

Caroline Herschel (Astronomer and Mathematician)

Caroline Herschel (Astronomer and Mathematician) Dates: March 16, 1750 - January 9, 1848 Known for: first woman to discover a comet; helping discover the planet UranusOccupation: Mathematician, astronomerAlso known as: Caroline Lucretia Herschel Background, Family: Father: Isaac Herschel, court musician and amateur astronomerSiblings included: William Herschel, musician and astronomer Education: educated at home in Germany; studied music in England; taught mathematics and astronomy by her brother, William About Caroline Herschel: Born in Hanover, Germany, Caroline Herschel gave up on getting married after a bout with typhus left her growth stunted seriously. She was well-educated beyond traditional womens work, and trained as a singer, but she choose to move to England to join her brother, William Herschel, then an orchestra leader with a hobby in astronomy. In England Caroline Herschel began assisting William with his astronomical work, while she trained to become a professional singer, and began to appear as a soloist. She also learned mathematics from William, and began helping him with his astronomy work, including grinding and polishing mirrors, and copying his records. Her brother William discovered the planet Uranus, and credited Caroline for her help in this discovery. After this discovery, King George III appointed William as court astronomer, with a paid stipend. Caroline Herschel abandoned her singing career for astronomy. She helped her brother with calculations and paperwork, and also made her own observations. Caroline Herschel discovered new nebulae in 1783: Andromeda and Cetus and later that year, 14 more nebulae. With a new telescope, a gift from her brother, she then discovered a comet, making her the first woman known to have done so. She went on to discover seven more comets. King George III heard of her discoveries and added a stipend of 50 pounds annually, paid to Caroline. She thus became the first woman in England with a paid government appointment. William married in 1788, and though Caroline at first was skeptical of having a place in the new home, she and her sister-in-law became friends, and Caroline had more time for astronomy with another woman in the house to do the domestic chores. She later published her own work cataloguing stars and nebulae. She indexed and organized a catalogue by John Flamsteed, and she worked with John Herschel, Williams son, to publish a catalog of nebulae. After Willliams death in 1822, Caroline had to return to Germany, where she continued writing. She was recognized for her contributions by the King of Prussia when she was 96, and Caroline Herschel died at 97. Caroline Herschel was, along with Mary Somerville, appointed to honorary membership in the Royal Society in 1835, the first women to be so honored. Places: Germany, England Organizations: Royal Society

In Search of Room-Temperature Superconductors

In Search of Room-Temperature Superconductors Imagine a world in which magnetic levitation (maglev) trains are commonplace, computers are lightning-fast, power cables have little loss, and new particle detectors exist. This is the world in which room-temperature superconductors are a reality. So far, this is a dream of the future, but scientists are closer than ever to achieving room-temperature superconductivity. What Is Room-Temperature Superconductivity? A room temperature superconductor (RTS) is a type of high-temperature superconductor (high-Tc or HTS) that operates closer to room temperature than to absolute zero. However, the operating temperature above  0  °C (273.15 K)  is still well below what most of us consider normal room temperature (20  to  25  Ã‚ °C). Below the critical temperature, the superconductor has zero electrical resistance and expulsion of magnetic flux fields. While its an oversimplification, superconductivity may be thought of as a state of perfect electrical conductivity. High-temperature superconductors exhibit superconductivity above  30  K (−243.2  Ã‚ °C). While a traditional superconductor must be cooled with liquid helium to become superconductive, a high-temperature superconductor can be cooled using liquid nitrogen. A room-temperature superconductor, in contrast, could be cooled with ordinary water ice.   The Quest for a Room-Temperature Superconductor Bringing up the critical temperature for superconductivity to a practical temperature is a holy grail for physicists and electrical engineers. Some researchers believe room-temperature superconductivity is impossible, while others point to advances that have already surpassed previously-held beliefs. Superconductivity was discovered in 1911 by  Heike Kamerlingh Onnes in solid mercury cooled with liquid helium (1913 Nobel Prize in Physics). It wasnt until the 1930s that scientists proposed an explanation of how superconductivity works. In 1933, Fritz and Heinz London explained the Meissner effect, in which a superconductor expels internal magnetic fields. From Londons theory, explanations grew to include the  Ginzburg-Landau theory (1950) and microscopic BCS theory (1957, named for Bardeen, Cooper, and Schrieffer). According to the BCS theory, it seemed superconductivity was forbidden at temperatures above 30 K. Yet, in 1986,  Bednorz and Mà ¼ller discovered the first high-temperature superconductor, a lanthanum-based cuprate perovskite material with a transition temperature of 35 K. The discovery earned them the 1987 Nobel Prize in Physics and opened the door for new discoveries. The highest temperature superconductor to date, discovered in 2015  by Mikhail Eremets and his team, is sulfur hydride (H3S). Sulfur hydride has a transition temperature around 203 K (-70  °C), but only under extremely high pressure (around 150 gigapascals). Researchers predict the critical temperature might be raised above  0  Ã‚ °C  if the sulfur atoms are replaced by phosphorus, platinum, selenium, potassium, or tellurium  and still-higher pressure is applied. However, while scientists have proposed explanations for the behavior of the sulfur hydride system, they have been unable to replicate the electrical or magnetic behavior. Room-temperature superconducting behavior has been claimed for other materials besides sulfur hydride. The high-temperature superconductor yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO) might become superconductive at 300 K using infrared laser pulses. Solid-state physicist Neil Ashcroft predicts solid metallic hydrogen should be superconducting near room temperature. The Harvard team that claimed to make metallic hydrogen reported the Meissner effect may have been observed at 250 K. Based on exciton-mediated electron pairing (not phonon-mediated pairing of BCS theory), its possible high-temperature superconductivity might be observed in organic polymers under the right conditions. The Bottom Line Numerous reports of room-temperature superconductivity appear in scientific literature, so as of 2018, the achievement seems possible. However, the effect rarely lasts long and is devilishly difficult to replicate. Another issue is that extreme pressure may be required to achieve the Meissner effect. Once a stable material is produced, the most obvious applications include the development of efficient electrical wiring and powerful electromagnets. From there, the sky is the limit, as far as electronics is concerned. A room-temperature superconductor offers the possibility of no energy loss at a practical temperature. Most of the applications of RTS have yet to be imagined. Key Points A room-temperature superconductor (RTS) is a material capable of superconductivity above a temperature of 0  °C. Its not necessarily superconductive at normal room temperature.Although many researchers claim to have observed room-temperature superconductivity, scientists have been unable to reliably replicate the results. However, high-temperature superconductors do exist, with transition temperatures between  Ã¢Ë†â€™243.2  Ã‚ °C  and  Ã¢Ë†â€™135  Ã‚ °C.Potential applications of room-temperature superconductors include faster computers, new methods of data storage, and improved energy transfer. References and Suggested Reading Bednorz, J. G.; Mà ¼ller, K. A. (1986). Possible high TC superconductivity in the Ba-La-Cu-O system. Zeitschrift fà ¼r Physik B. 64 (2): 189–193.Drozdov, A. P.; Eremets, M. I.; Troyan, I. A.; Ksenofontov, V.; Shylin, S. I. (2015). Conventional superconductivity at 203 kelvin at high pressures in the sulfur hydride system. Nature. 525: 73–6.Ge, Y. F.; Zhang, F.; Yao, Y. G. (2016). First-principles demonstration of superconductivity at 280 K in hydrogen sulfide with low phosphorus substitution. Phys. Rev. B. 93 (22): 224513.Khare, Neeraj (2003). Handbook of High-Temperature Superconductor Electronics. CRC Press.Mankowsky, R.; Subedi, A.; Fà ¶rst, M.; Mariager, S. O.; Chollet, M.; Lemke, H. T.; Robinson, J. S.; Glownia, J. M.; Minitti, M. P.; Frano, A.; Fechner, M.;  Spaldin, N. A.; Loew, T.; Keimer, B.; Georges, A.; Cavalleri, A. (2014). Nonlinear lattice dynamics as a basis for enhanced superconductivity in YBa2Cu3O6.5.  Nature.  516  (7529): 71–73.   Mourachkine, A. (2004).  Room-Temperature Superconductivity. Cambridge International Science Publishing.

Analyzing Resources and Capabilities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Analyzing Resources and Capabilities - Essay Example The estimated Google’s Brand equity was 25.6 in 2008, a 96% increase compared to 2007. Google’s set of available resources and capabilities enables it to build a strategy focused on company’s internal environment rather than following market trends. According to Robert Grant, â€Å" When the external environment is in a state of flux, the firm itself, in terms of its bundle of resources and capabilities, may be a much more stable basis on which to define its identity†. The company is developing its advertising resources and generates around 99% of the revenue through advertising. The prime resources and capabilities of Google Inc. include search engine differentiation, brand value, qualified workforce, innovative technology, culture, advertising, cost and speed, huge user-base and concentric diversification. Strategic partnerships and agreements with leading businesses allow Google to enhance active use of its resources and capabilities. The firm values its employees with a number of benefits, performance rewards and is also considering wide expansion to its current human resource. As Grant notes, â€Å"The resources and capabilities of the firm form the foundation for building competitive edge†, Google is giving tough competition to its market rivals. However, there still exists a lot of room for improvement in Google’s common set of resources and capabilities as its revenue depends almost entirely on advertising and it also lacks a better understanding of the China