Sunday, January 26, 2020

US homeland security related critical infrastructure matters

US homeland security related critical infrastructure matters The statement: The Department of Homeland Security has complete responsibility for all U.S. homeland security related critical infrastructure (CI) matters is not entirely accurate; originally, matters of national security were the sole responsibility of the federal government (Homeland Security, 2003, p. 7). Today, national critical infrastructure protection is a joint effort among the federal government, public and private sectors. The Department of Homeland Security was established to protect and secure the homeland from both domestic and foreign threats. According to the Homeland Security Act of 2002, the development of a plan which will ensure the security of critical infrastructure is the responsibility of the DHS (Homeland Security, 2009). Likewise, the DHS is also responsible for recommending the measures necessary to protect the key resources and critical infrastructure of the United States (Homeland Security, 2009, p. 2). The mission of DHS is one that involves the protection of infrastructure and critical facilities and networks (Homeland Security, 2010, p. 33). The DHS is responsible for the identification and assessment of all components which make up critical infrastructure. In addition to mitigating potential vulnerabilities; improving the resilience of critical infrastructure, is also a top priority of the DHS. This includes but is not limited to: stand-alone facilities and interdependent systems and networks within and across critical infrastructure sectors (Homeland Security, 2010, p. 34). The DHS serves as the leader and facilitator for those agencies who share responsibility for protecting the nations critical infrastructures (Homeland Security, 2010, p. 31). Those agencies include territorial, tribal, local and state governments, as well as the private sector and other agencies not associated with the government (Homeland Security, 2003). Conversely, when a disaster occurs these agencies are the first line of defense for national critical infrastructures. Even though the DHS is responsible for leading critical infrastructure efforts, coordination of security measures within local and state governments and critical sector industry leaders are the responsibility of federal lead departments and agencies (Homeland Security, 2003). Similarly, it is the responsibility of state and local governments to provide protection to critical infrastructures that are located within their jurisdictions (Homeland Security, 2003, p. 10). If and when a catastrophic event should occur which exhaust the capabilities of local and state governments, it is up to the federal government to coordinate a response (Homeland Security, 2003). A majority of our nations critical infrastructures are privately owned or operated, which means that the private sector are initially responsible for providing protection against threats to their facilities (Homeland Security, 2003). When the threat becomes more than the private sector can handle then the government will step in to assist and ensure that our nations critical infrastructures and assets are protected (Homeland Security, 2003, p. 11). Likewise, the federal government will be there to provide support for an environment in which the private sector can better carry out its specific responsibilities (Homeland Security, 2003, p. 11). The chemical sector is one of the most vulnerable critical infrastructures to natural disaster and terrorist attacks, that being said the DHS is working with the EPA to enhance security at chemical facilities (Homeland Security, 2003). In addition, special attention is being paid to those facilities which house large quantities of hazardous chemicals (Homeland Security, 2003, p. 78). Studies conducted by the DHS and private sector are currently underway to identify and understand physical vulnerabilities within the telecommunications infrastructure and their associated risks (Homeland Security, 2003, p. 61). Even though the private sector must occasionally seek assistance from the DHS, there are times when the federal government must rely on the private sector to lend a hand in emergency response and recovery. An example of the federal government calling on the private sector for assistance was the anthrax scare of 2001. A large Washington D.C. construction corporation was contracted to oversee the abatement and restoration of the Brentwood Post office in Washington D.C. and the Trenton Post office facility in New Jersey. One must also understand that quite a few of our nations critical infrastructures cross international borders (Homeland Security, 2003, p. 35). Therefore the federal government has partnered with the neighboring countries to provide security for our interconnected infrastructures (Homeland Security, 2003, p. 35). The United States partnership with Canada is is a vital asset to national critical infrastructure, efforts are being made to provide protection for international interconnected infrastructures. An example of this partnership is the Alaskan Canadian hightway. In order to transport goods and supplies to Alaska we must travel cross Canadian territory. It is evident that matters of critical infrastrucutre involves not only the DHS but the public and private sectors as well. The DHS would not be able to carry out their responsibilites without the assistance of local and state agencies, the private sector and vice versa. The U.S. government has made great strides in developing techniques and strategies to harden U.S. critical infrastructures which will make them more resistant to terrorist attack and natural disasters. One of the U.S. governments goals is to establish a strong partnership that spans across all levels of government, in addition to the private sector and the American people (Homeland Security, 2009). The Protected Critical Infrastructure Information Program is just one of many steps taken by the U.S. government to harden critical infrastructure. This program provides protection to security-related critical infrastructure information (Homeland Security, 2009, p. 5). By breaking down each critical infrastructure sector it is easier to understand how the U.S. government has been successful in hardening each critical infrastructure. The agriculture and food sector is one of the most vulnerable critical infrastructures, that being said, efforts to harden this sector are an ongoing challenge (Mark Sauter James Carafano, 2005). The U.S. government has revised its measures by providing more protection through the hiring of more health inspectors, and adding more reporting requirements (Sauter Carafano, 2005, p. 291). Contamination of our nations water supply is often a topic of concern; efforts are being made by the Environmental Protection Agency as well as the Department of Homeland Security to conduct a vulnerability and threat assessment (Sauter Carafano, 2005). These assessments will improve not only site security at high threat locations it will also enhance monitoring and sharing of information (Sauter Carafano, 2005, p. 292). With regards to the critical infrastructure of public health the U.S. government has implemented measures to harden biomedical surveillance (Sauter Carafano, 2005). This is extremely important because of the risks of a biological attack. There have also been improvements in hardening security of emergency stockpiles of medical supplies (Sauter Carafano, 2005, p. 294). In order to improve the physical security of medical structures the U.S. government has provided incentives to the private sector (Sauter Carafano, 2005, p. 294). In response to hardening the critical infrastructure of emergency services the U.S. government has established measures to harden interoperable and redundant communication networks (Sauter Carafano, 2005, p. 295). The U.S. government has instituted a tougher national emergency preparedness exercise program which teaches better security and promotes consistent protection planning and response protocols (Sauter Carafano, 2005, p. 295). Since the defense industrial base critical infrastructure sector is owned by a majority of the private sector the U.S. government has implemented new measures to include critical infrastructure protection requirements in contract processes (Sauter Carafano, 2005, p. 296). Likewise, security is being strengthened in the defense related commercial production and distribution processes (Sauter Carafano, 2005, p. 296). The telecommunications critical infrastructure has been assessed by the U.S. government, and in return a program has been designed to identify where the most vulnerable areas are in the communication architecture and then address the security issue (Sauter Carafano, 2005). Conversely, there have also been efforts made in the energy critical infrastructure sector to enhance resilience of the energy facilities (Sauter Carafano, 2005, p. 298). Facility equipment is being repaired and replaced and there have also been improvements in restoration and recovery of services (Sauter Carafano, 2005, p. 298). Significant improvements have been made to harden the transportation critical infrastructure sector; for example, security initiatives have been established to provide commercial airliners with protection from shoulder fired missiles (Sauter Carafano, 2005, p. 299). There have also been new developments in screening technology which help identify potential threats to transportation as well as aiding the postal service sector in identifying suspicious mail (Sauter Carafano, 2005, pp. 301-302). Despite the many efforts being made to harden critical infrastructure, there are still several weaknesses in the U.S. governments strategy. Lets face it, the only other thing that is more costly than hardening critical infrastructure is the disruption or potential loss of operations in those critical infrastructures. It is clear that trying to harden all critical infrastructures is too daunting of a task and is not cost effective. The U.S. government needs to focus on those areas of the United States where our critical infrastructures are most vulnerable (e.g. New York City, Los Angeles, Washington D.C. etc.). The federal government also needs to look at the protection of our nations water ways. Information security systems need to be deployed to guard the locks on the Mississippi and St. Lawrence seaways (Bruce Don David Mussington). By employing an information security system it will enable the monitoring of vessels and ships while in locks or approaching locks (Don Mussington). To provide another level of security, river marshals could be deployed to accompany dangerous shipments through the locks (Don Mussington). Many people dont realize that a large majority of our nations goods are transported through inland waterways, which is why it is important that more attention be paid to the transportation sector.

Saturday, January 18, 2020

Analysis of the Poem: The Darkling Thrush Essay

Speaker: The speaker in the first two stanzas is portrayed as pessimistic and dark, but this changed in the two last stanzas. In any case, the speaker is conveyed to have strong feelings for nature. Form: Rhyming scheme is clearly visible giving to poem a rhythm. The 3rd stanza’s rhyming scheme seems to have been modified, if not a little disturbed having a not as good phonetic ending at the end of each stanza conveying the speaker’s disturbance and surprise at the appearance of the thrush. Imagery: L.1 the coppice became a gate conveying that it’s not in its natural state, humans could have modified it. L2: â€Å"When Frost was spectre-grey† a spectre/ghost is something dangerous, menacing, conveying Frost is dangerous, and cold is dangerous, deadly. The Frost being as cold as a ghost. L2-3: Frost and Winter with capital letters, this personifies them. ïÆ'   Cold, winter, death theme introduced. They will be the two â€Å"main characters â€Å"of the poem. L3: â€Å"Winter’s dregs† winters residue, conveys the snow. L3-4: â€Å"Winter’s dregs made desolate, The weakening eye of day† The snow is taking over the day, dark over light. â€Å"Eye of day† conveys the sun symbolizing light, happiness, warmth, is being taken over by â€Å"Winter’s dreg’s† darkness, snow, cold. L5-6: â€Å"The tangled bine-stems scored the sky, like strings of broken lyres† this simile compares plants that are reaching for t he sky, like broken lyres, lyres are instruments symbolizing usually illusion, and mostly the instruments of the gods. Lyres are therefor in the sky with the gods, and the plants are trying to do the same, but will never reach it â€Å"Broken Lyres† or broken â€Å"illusions†. This simile conveys somehow the sky in contrast to earth, heaven, and hell that plants are trying to flee â€Å"score the sky†. L7-8: â€Å"And all mankind that haunted nigh† all the men that were hunting close by, â€Å"Had sought their household fires† had gone back to their house by the fire for warmth. Winter, or death, is more powerful than men with guns. L9: â€Å"The land’s sharp features seemed to be† sharp here conveys the cold. This verse introduces the nature or â€Å"land† as main theme of the stanza. L9-10 â€Å"The land’s sharp features seemed to be† the lands cold features seemed to be â€Å"The Century’s corpse outleant† the Century’s dead body. This metaphor connects the two verses and develops them further in doing so. The land’s â€Å"features† are now clearer to convey member’s like body members. This metaphor also connects â€Å"the land† to the â€Å"Century’s dead body† the speaker here could also convey his thoughts that our present Century is dying. L11-12: â€Å"His crypt the cloudy canopy† This verse conveys the transformation of the â€Å"cloudy† canopy, the unclear, mysterious conveying menace canopy (human being afraid of the unknown) into a crypt, chamber for the dead. Once again the death (here of nature specifically) is here conveyed. This continues the metaphor of the dying land by â€Å"his† asserting a personification of the land. This verse transforms the â€Å"cloudy canopy† into the chamber of death â€Å"crypt† of the land. Finally, to finish the portraying image of a dead body in a crypt, the image of a funeral is clearly conveyed through the 12th verse. â€Å"The wind his death-lament.† This image portrays the wind as the relative, or witness, grieving the land’s death. L13-14: â€Å"The ancient pulse of germ and birth† the verse bring through the image of a â€Å"pulse† of life, that is now no more â€Å"ancient† used to be, but no longer is. â€Å"Was shrunken hard and dry† this continuation of the verse beforehand confirms the death of the â€Å"pulse of germ and birth†, of life, that was â€Å"shrunken hard and dry† that was killed by winter. The use of â€Å"shrunken hard and dry† contrasting â€Å"the pulse of germ and birth† is very well chosen. The pulse of germ and birth is something soft, happy, promising, whereas the use of â€Å"shrunken† shrinks the promising life, turns it into something hard and dry. The contrast of life and death is portrayed here through nature. L15-16: â€Å"And every spirit upon earth seemed fervourless as I† This conveys the desperation and hopelessness that seems to be shared by â€Å"every spirit upon this earth† the whole world seems to have no more hope for better days. With these two last verses, it leaves the second stanza on sorrowful â€Å"fervourless† tone. L16-17: â€Å"At once a voice arose among the bleak twigs overhead† The 3rd stanza starts off with an element of surprise, raising the curiosity of the reader creating suspense of who this might be, or what. This also somehow creates a certain feeling of hope. The 3rd stanza also starts of unlike the other first stanzas through hearing, and not seeing. Therefor the images that were up to now conveyed through the eyes, is not conveyed through the ears. L19-20: â€Å"In full-hearted evensong of joy unlimited† this element brings about hope and joy which was not brought through so far. L21-22: â€Å"An aged thrush, frail, gaunt, and small, in blast-beruffled plume† The suspense is now broken, we find out what this element of surprise and joy is, a bird, a â€Å"Thrush† like indicated in the poem’s title. The sense goes back to seeing now, and the bird is portrayed as â€Å"frail, gaunt, and small† in contrast to the merciless powerful cold winter and death that was conveyed beforehand transforming an entire land into corpse, and yet this bird is full of joy and life unlike â€Å"every spirit on earth†. The bird’s appearance is further more explicit in verse 22 â€Å"In blast-beruffled plume† This feeds further the contrast between the bird and the harsh winter. Indeed the thrush is not only portrayed as markedly frail, but the sharp wind has ruffled his feathers, and we can imag ine the tail-feathers blown nearly inside-out by the sharp blast. L23-24: These verses are very important as they mark another contrast between the bird’s appearance, and â€Å"character†. Indeed this feeble blast-beruffled bird that was conveyed earlier on â€Å"had chosen thus to fling his soul upon the growing gloom† This small bird is like a brave small weak, and yet brave soldier â€Å"flinging† his soul into the midst of a battle, â€Å"upon a growing gloom† that menaces to kill him at any moment. The 3rd stanza brings through an element of hope and surprise. L25-29: The senses are now changed into hearing again as the speaker describes the â€Å"carolings† of the little bird that seems to light up â€Å"terrestrial things â€Å"afar or nigh around† (near or far) into this growing gloom that the speaker doesn’t seem to understand. L30-32: The final 3 verses of the last stanza are very important as they will change the view of the speaker. Indeed the â€Å"happy good night air† of this bird â€Å"some blessed Hope† which is conveyed to be brought through to the speaker by this thrush â€Å"whereof he knew, and I was unaware† The speaker here conveys the relief and comfort and wisdom that was brought to him through the natural wisdom and bravery as well as optimism of this feeble and delicate, yet brave, and tenacious thrush. On this the poem ends on a good note full of hope and optimism for the future.

Friday, January 10, 2020

Whats Actually Going on with Buy Research Essays

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Thursday, January 2, 2020

Trade Law Problem Question Answer - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1671 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Essay any type Level High school Did you like this example? Element 1 1.1 a) Section 9 (Fair Trading Act of 1986) applies to a given truth circumstance. Act to preclude certain behavior and practices in exchange, to accommodate the revelation of customer data identifying with the supply of products and administrations and to push item wellbeing. Segment 13 make a false or deceiving representation that merchandise are of a specific kind, standard, quality, grade, amount, creation, style, or show, or have had a specific history or specific past utilization; or Segment 27 False Consumer data the revelation of data identifying with the kind, grade, amount, source, execution, mind, structure, substance, outline, development, utilization, value, complete the process of, bundling, advancement, or supply of the products or administrations. b) According to the detailed analysis commercial utilized false representation to advertise their item by saying that guaranteeing that Hi-C held 4 times the vitamin C of oranges. The Commission fi gured out that this case is not genuine. c) In my perspective common cure in this situation could be that the deceiving organization ought to be fined of Nz$200,000 and asked to expel all their items from the business sector as they dont meet the standard and clients were not getting the thing for which they were paying for. Criminal obligation for this situation could be alluded to as the deluding direct in connection to products as the organization had misleaded individuals in setting of their item, quality and aspects. B. a) Section 13 will be appropriate here as it is an instance of a false or misdirecting representation concerning the spot of wellspring of products or administrations. b) As keepsake supplier made a false or deluding representation that bundling of the items says it is made in New Zealand. However the assembling of the items was in China. c) Criminal obligation is the keepsake supplier organization and they need to repay $ 200,000. C. a) Sec tion 19 will be applied in this case study as (Bait advertisement: unfair to the clients). b) Section 19 is applied here because hotel advertisement referred $79 for one night but it is not in reality and Fair Trade Act prohibits false and misleading representation. The advertisement claimed by them was also not true. D. In the given situation segment 13 ought to be relevant which says that false or deluding representation that merchandise are new or they are reconditioned, fabricated or reconditioned ought not be carried out if an individual or organization does that he/she needed to face results. I pick this procurement for this situation as Brown the merchant had duped Alice by supplying him the fake of Genuine Chippendale suite, essentially tan had tricked Alice in light of the fact that tan guaranteed Alice that the suite he is giving is Genuine Chippendale suite yet that was an imitated one. In this Scenario as the individual is included in the case so the indiv idual who had duped will need to pay the fine of Nz$60,000 as the Brown had sold the Reproduced Suite to Alice not the Original one or/and Brown may needed to give the cash for the suite over also. Criminal obligation could be that Brown might be asked to quit doing the business. Element 2 I think in the given situation three Provision might be connected that are Section 6 Guarantee as to worthy quality which implies products supplied to the purchaser ought to be of great quality and if there is any flaw they ought to be supplanted or cash ought to be discounted, Section 7 Meaning of satisfactory quality implies that the great supplied to the customer ought to be of adequate quality and it ought to free from minor absconds and Section 8 Guarantees as to wellness for specific reason which implies that supplier ought to take the assurance so that the merchandise he is supplying will be for the same reason what he told for or what the buyer requested. Procurement picked by me apply in this situation as the new pool purchased by Jeff from Leisure endeavors was having numerous deserts as its channel gear was reconditioned and the water was gradually spilling out from the pool which accordingly had harmed Jeffs trampoline, besides in the commercial it was guaranteed by supplier Leisure undertakings that they will dole out free enclosure furniture with each pool bought. All the things guaranteed by the supplier was not supplied to the fulfillment level of the buyer as he requested the new pool yet was given a reconditioned one, which was spilling too. As per segment 18 customers have the Options against suppliers where products dont follow ensures which imply that customer can take activities if the merchandise supplied to him by the supplier are not up to the fulfillment level of the purchaser. Common solution for the situation might be that customer Jeff can ask the supplier to change the pool as he was being given the old one whose channel was recondit ioned and which was spilling as well, Jeff can additionally approach supplier to pay for the harm which the spilling pool had caused to the trampoline. Element 3 3.1 A a) Section 27 of the Commerce Act 1986 which applies to a given reality circumstance for the Contracts, plans, or seeing considerably decrease rivalry precluded. b) In this case the meat organizations made an assention not to contend with one another by method for uniform costs. As a result, they diminished the opposition. c) The organization need to pay the fine and must be shut as per the choice of the court law. a) Section 29 will apply to the given reality circumstance for the barring contenders b) They cooperated and debilitated to blacklist the property guide. They have restricted contenders from entering into understandings that holds exclusionary procurements which limits rivals from obtaining or supplying merchandise or administrations. C) Yes I concur it right on the grounds that the case is clear and i have effectively examined all the procurement. D a) Section 27 and Section 30 will apply to the given fact situation. b) The bus company disclosed with another company as to the amount of their bid and agreed who should win in the bidding. This is a violation of the Commerce Act. Nobody can disclose the information act because it is unfair. c) The High Court imposed penalties of $380,000 on the offending bus company and $10,000 on its Chief Executive. Yes i agree with the decision as they have breached the law. E a) Section 36 will apply to the given fact situation. Section 36 prohibits a person or business with a substantial degree of market power in a market from taking advantage of their market power to prevent competition either in that market or in any other market. Section 27 this section provides a broad rule that states that no person shall enter into an agreement that contains a provision that substantially lessens competition in a market. b) The above provision will apply to the given fact situation because they are taking the advantage of the market power. The port company had used its dominant position to prevent a rival competing with its own pilot age service. c) A port company was ordered to pay penalties totaling $500,000 after the Court found that the company had breached both section 27 (substantially lessening competition) and section 36. It is fair because the position is very obvious. F In my perspective Section 36 is pertinent for the given situation it states that Taking point of interest of business sector power which implies that if an individual or organization had the extensive measure of force in a business sector ought not attempt to exploit that power and attempt to stop or confine an individual or organization to enter in the business sector or taking out an individual from that or whatever available business sector. I accept that procurements picked by me apply to the given certainty circumstance as the Building protection material organization ruled its position so that no one else can enter in the business as they embraced the 2-for-1 evaluating system for its products they were giving two parcels of protection to the cost of one. They received this method with the goal that no one can enter in the business sector as the majority of the customers will be approaching them as they were giving the protection to an extremely shoddy cost. In the event that I will be the judge of this case I may have done something exceptionally same as the commission knows the punishments and directive to be assumed the gravity or ground or base of the infringement of the law. As the choice of the judge is constantly made by taking a gander at both the finishes and after that characterizing who is at flaw and who is honest. Besides it is against law to receive such sort of approach which drives different contenders to leave the business or not to enter the busine ss sector. b) The above procurement will apply on the grounds that resale value support is restricted under Section 37 and 38 on the grounds that it limits or wipes out rivalry on cost. In the circumstances, deals agent had reveled or endeavored to actuate the bar not to offer packs for$ 15. C) The High Court constrained a punishment of $110,000 in addition to $5,000 costs on the distillery I think its correct and I backing the high court choice. H a) Section 36 restricts an individual or business with a generous level of business sector control in a business sector from taking playing point of their business sector force to avoid rivalry either in that market or in any possible business. Furthermore area 37 is connected for this situation Resale Price Maintenance: Resale value support is precluded under Section 37 and 38 in light of the fact that it confines or wipes out rivalry on cost. b) Because he undermined to bar a retailer from free cloth advancement if markin g down proceeded. c) Yes I concur with the choice .Because he cant put weight on anyone. Reference List à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1986/0121/latest/DLM96439.html https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1993/0091/latest/DLM311053.html?src=qs Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Trade Law Problem Question Answer" essay for you Create order